Speech and singing contain a mixture of voiced and un-voiced sounds (sibilants like “s”). The spectrum of a voiced sound contains characteristic resonant peaks called formants caused by frequency shaping of the vocal tract. In this module, a formant synthesizer is developed and implemented in LabVIEW. The filter is implemented as a set of parallel two-pole resonators (bandpass filters) that filter a band-limited pulse source.
This module refers to LabVIEW, a software development environment that features a graphical programming language.
Please see the
LabVIEW QuickStart Guide module for tutorials and documentation that will help you:
•Apply LabVIEW to Audio Signal Processing
•Get started with LabVIEW
•Obtain a fully-functional evaluation edition of LabVIEW
Introduction
Speech and singing contain a mixture of voiced and un-voiced sounds. Voiced sounds associate
with the vowel portions of words, while unvoiced sounds are produced when uttering consonantslike "s." The spectrum of a voiced sound contains characteristic resonant peaks
called
formants , and are the result of frequency shaping produced by
the
vocal tract (mouth as well as nasal passage), a complex time-varying resonant cavity.
In this module, a
formant synthesizer is developed and implemented in LabVIEW. The
subtractive synthesis model of a wideband excitation source shaped by a digital filter is appliedhere. The filter is implemented as a set of parallel two-pole resonators (bandpass filters) that
filter a band-limited pulse. Refer to the modules
Subtractive Synthesis Concepts and
Band-Limited Pulse Generator for more details.
Formant synthesis technique
The
screencast video develops the general approach to formant synthesis:
[video] Formant synthesis technique
The mathematics of the band-limited pulse generator and its LabVIEW implementation are presented in the module
Band-Limited Pulse Generator .
The two-pole resonator is an IIR (infinite impulse response) digital filter defined by
(see Moore in the "References" section for additional details):
where
,
,
is the center frequency,
is the bandwidth, and
is the sampling frequency, all in units of Hz.
The
screencast video shows how to create a subVI that implements the two-pole resonator.
[video] Implementing the two-pole resonator in LabVIEW
Formants for selected vowel sounds
Peterson and Barney (see "References" section) have compiled a list of formant frequencies for common vowels in American English; refer to
:
Formant frequencies for common vowels in American English (from Peterson and Barney, 1952)
Formant synthesizer
The previous sections have laid out all of the pieces you need to create your own formant synthesizer. See if you can set up
a LabVIEW VI that pulls the pieces together. The
screencast video shows
how your finished design might operate. The video also discusses how to choose the relative formant amplitudes and bandwidths, as well as the BLP source parameters.
[video] Formant synthesis LabVIEW VI
References
Moore, F.R., "Elements of Computer Music," Prentice-Hall, 1990, ISBN 0-13-252552-6.
Peterson, G.E., and H.L. Barney, "Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels," Journal of
the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 24, 1952.
Questions & Answers
Three charges q_{1}=+3\mu C, q_{2}=+6\mu C and q_{3}=+8\mu C are located at (2,0)m (0,0)m and (0,3) coordinates respectively. Find the magnitude and direction acted upon q_{2} by the two other charges.Draw the correct graphical illustration of the problem above showing the direction of all forces.
To solve this problem, we need to first find the net force acting on charge q_{2}. The magnitude of the force exerted by q_{1} on q_{2} is given by F=\frac{kq_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} where k is the Coulomb constant, q_{1} and q_{2} are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.
Muhammed
What is the direction and net electric force on q_{1}= 5µC located at (0,4)r due to charges q_{2}=7mu located at (0,0)m and q_{3}=3\mu C located at (4,0)m?
Capacitor is a separation of opposite charges using an insulator of very small dimension between them. Capacitor is used for allowing an AC (alternating current) to pass while a DC (direct current) is blocked.
Gautam
A motor travelling at 72km/m on sighting a stop sign applying the breaks such that under constant deaccelerate in the meters of 50 metres what is the magnitude of the accelerate
velocity can be 72 km/h in question. 72 km/h=20 m/s, v^2=2.a.x , 20^2=2.a.50, a=4 m/s^2.
Mehmet
A boat travels due east at a speed of 40meter per seconds across a river flowing due south at 30meter per seconds. what is the resultant speed of the boat
which has a higher temperature, 1cup of boiling water or 1teapot of boiling water which can transfer more heat 1cup of boiling water or 1 teapot of boiling water explain your . answer
I believe temperature being an intensive property does not change for any amount of boiling water whereas heat being an extensive property changes with amount/size of the system.
Someone
Scratch that
Someone
temperature for any amount of water to boil at ntp is 100⁰C (it is a state function and and intensive property) and it depends both will give same amount of heat because the surface available for heat transfer is greater in case of the kettle as well as the heat stored in it but if you talk.....
Someone
about the amount of heat stored in the system then in that case since the mass of water in the kettle is greater so more energy is required to raise the temperature b/c more molecules of water are present in the kettle
pratica A on solution of hydro chloric acid,B is a solution containing 0.5000 mole ofsodium chlorid per dm³,put A in the burret and titrate 20.00 or 25.00cm³ portion of B using melting orange as the indicator. record the deside of your burret tabulate the burret reading and calculate the average volume of acid used?
No. According to Isac Newtons law. this two bodies maybe you and the wall beside you.
Attracting depends on the mass och each body and distance between them.
Dlovan
Are you really asking if two bodies have to be charged to be influenced by Coulombs Law?
Specific heat capacity is a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). It is measured in Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C).
AI-Robot
specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius or kelvin
ROKEEB
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Receive real-time job alerts and never miss the right job again
Source:
OpenStax, Musical signal processing with labview -- subtractive synthesis. OpenStax CNX. Nov 07, 2007 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10484/1.2
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.
Notification Switch
Would you like to follow the 'Musical signal processing with labview -- subtractive synthesis' conversation and receive update notifications?
