Slide 5: sometimes, research shows, we see the opposite of "paying it forward"
There is some evidence that some women who have made it do not pay forward; rather, they are harder on and tend to derogate other women.
This phenomenon has been the focus of research and has been dubbed...
Bees
Queen bee
Slide 6: the "queen bee phenomenon"
Stain, Tavris, and Jayaratne (1974) coined the term to describe a tendency for women to oppose the progress of other women in an attempt to subvert their success and eliminate competition for limited male attention.
Women may be more likely than men to discriminate against women.
Women see each other as rivals more than do men.
Ellemers (2004): "The queen-bee syndrome tends to affect older faculty members who carved out successful academic careers at a time when this was still an exceptional route for a woman. They may be inclined to fight the rise of other women through the academic "hive" to preserve their hard-won position. Queen bees identify themselves as predominantly masculine and set themselves apart from other women, the research says."
Slide 7: "queen bee" relevant research
Broder (1993). In looking at reviews of NSF Economics proposals, female reviewers rated female-authored papers lower than they rated male-authored papers. The result still holds when controlling for institutional affiliation and experience of reviewer.
Garcia-Retamero and Lopez-Zafra (2006). Women (but not men) rated a female candidate (with the exact same qualifications) as less qualified than the male candidate.
Cooper (1997). Traditional women evaluate women as leaders significantly worse than do nontraditional women.
Ellemers (2004). Female scientists believe their junior female colleagues do less work and are less committed to their careers than men, despite the fact that these women produce as much as do men.
Toder (1980). Women evaluated women more negatively when men were present than when group was all women.
Mathison (1986). Female managers were more critical than assertive female employees than were male managers.
Graves and Powell (1995). Female interviewers had more reservations about hiring female applicants than did male interviewers.
Ellemers (2001). Women were more likely to hold gender-stereotypical views of their female colleagues than were men.
Hebl, King, and Davies (2007). Women were more likely to derogate other women if they were threatened with a lowered self-esteem manipulation.
Slide 8: the "queen bee phenomenon" is more likely to occur when:
women are evaluating people of lower status.
women are social tokens or very underrepresented.
women are threatened, have low self-esteem, or are insecure.
women hold very stereotypical views about what
is appropriate for women.
Experiences?
Slide 9: becoming aware of the "queen bee phenomenon" can not only prevent its occurrence but can also trigger more actions of "paying it forward"
This is not to suggest that women give preferential treatment to other women; just that women are mindful of the many ways that they can avoid derogating and that they can encourage other women.
Slide 10: what are your experiences with "paying it forward"?
Share 1 - 3 experiences you have had with Paying It Forward, either as an initiator or beneficiary...
Slide 11: what would "paying it forward" look like in academia?
Within the Rice STEM community?
Within in the overall STEM community?
For you personally?
As the Pay It Forward initiator?
As the Pay It Forward beneficiary?
Slide 12: concluding points
It will benefit women in STEM as a whole to "pay it forward" to other women.
The "Queen Bee" phenomenon has very detrimental effects to women as a whole.
Increased distributions of women into male-dominated societal positions/workforces may reduce the "Queen Bee" phenomenon.
As pioneering women have paid it forward for us, we have an obligation to pay it forward to future generations of women.
Slide 13: final conclusion
Pay it Forward!
Pay it forward
Slide 14: the absence of women in stem via eagly (1987) social role theory
Eagly's social role theory
Slide 15: how eagly (1987) social role theory can explain the "queen bee phenomenon"
Eagly's social role theory
Slide 16: why critical mass is important
Eagly's social role theory
Slide 17: "paying it forward" in academia
What's the difference between "Paying It Forward" and...
Good Mentoring?
Being a Good Friend/Colleague?
Possible "Pitfalls" of Women "Paying in Forward"
Promotes stereotypical "female" behavior?
Indirectly "blames" women for gender discrimination?
Questions & Answers
differentiate between demand and supply
giving examples
In economics, a perfect market refers to a theoretical construct where all participants have perfect information, goods are homogenous, there are no barriers to entry or exit, and prices are determined solely by supply and demand. It's an idealized model used for analysis,
When MP₁ becomes negative, TP start to decline.
Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 •
Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of lab
Kelo
Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 •
Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of labour (APL) and marginal product of labour (MPL)
Quantity demanded refers to the specific amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a give price and within a specific time period. Demand, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses the entire relationship between price and quantity demanded
Ezea
ok
Shukri
how do you save a country economic situation when it's falling apart
Economic growth as an increase in the production and consumption of goods and services within an economy.but
Economic development as a broader concept that encompasses not only economic growth but also social & human well being.
Shukri
production function means
Jabir
What do you think is more important to focus on when considering inequality ?
sir...I just want to ask one question... Define the term contract curve? if you are free please help me to find this answer 🙏
Asui
it is a curve that we get after connecting the pareto optimal combinations of two consumers after their mutually beneficial trade offs
Awais
thank you so much 👍 sir
Asui
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities, where neither p
Cornelius
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities,
Cornelius
Suppose a consumer consuming two commodities X and Y has
The following utility function u=X0.4 Y0.6. If the price of the X and Y are 2 and 3 respectively and income Constraint is birr 50.
A,Calculate quantities of x and y which maximize utility.
B,Calculate value of Lagrange multiplier.
C,Calculate quantities of X and Y consumed with a given price.
D,alculate optimum level of output .
the market for lemon has 10 potential consumers, each having an individual demand curve p=101-10Qi, where p is price in dollar's per cup and Qi is the number of cups demanded per week by the i th consumer.Find the market demand curve using algebra. Draw an individual demand curve and the market dema
suppose the production function is given by ( L, K)=L¼K¾.assuming capital is fixed find APL and MPL. consider the following short run production function:Q=6L²-0.4L³ a) find the value of L that maximizes output b)find the value of L that maximizes marginal product
