College physics -- hlca 1104

OpenStax

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0.1 About openstax

0.2 About this book

0.3 To the student

0.4 To the instructor

0.5 General approach

0.6 Organization, level, and content

0.7 Concepts and calculations

0.8 Modern perspective

0.9 Supplements

0.10 Features of openstax College Physics

0.11 Modularity

0.12 Learning objectives

0.15 Worked examples

0.16 Problem-solving strategies

0.17 Misconception alerts

0.18 Take-home investigations

0.19 Things great and small

0.20 Simulations

0.23 End-of-module problems

0.24 Integrated concept problems

0.25 Unreasonable results

0.26 Construct your own problem

0.27 Appendices

0.28 Acknowledgements

0.29 Senior contributing authors

0.30 Contributing authors

0.31 Expert reviewers

0.32 Our partners

0.34 Sapling learning

1 Atomic masses

2 Selected radioactive isotopes

3 Useful information

4 Glossary of key symbols and notation

Introduction: the nature of science and physics

Introduction to science and the realm of physics, physical quantities,

1 Physics: an introduction

2 Physical quantities and units

3 Accuracy, precision, and significant figures

4 Approximation

Introduction to one-dimensional kinematics

2 Vectors, scalars, and coordinate systems

3 Time, velocity, and speed

5 Motion equations for constant acceleration in one dimension

6 Problem-solving basics for one-dimensional kinematics

7 Falling objects

8 Graphical analysis of one-dimensional motion

Two-dimensional kinematics

Introduction to two-dimensional kinematics

1 Kinematics in two dimensions: an introduction

2 Vector addition and subtraction: graphical methods

3 Vector addition and subtraction: analytical methods

4 Projectile motion

5 Addition of velocities

Dynamics: force and newton's laws of motion

Introduction to dynamics: newton’s laws of motion

1 Development of force concept

2 Newton’s first law of motion: inertia

3 Newton’s second law of motion: concept of a system

4 Newton’s third law of motion: symmetry in forces

5 Normal, tension, and other examples of forces

6 Problem-solving strategies

7 Further applications of newton’s laws of motion

8 Extended topic: the four basic forces—an introduction

Further applications of newton's laws: friction, drag, and elasticity

Introduction: further applications of newton’s laws

3 Elasticity: stress and strain

Uniform circular motion and gravitation

Introduction to uniform circular motion and gravitation

1 Rotation angle and angular velocity

2 Centripetal acceleration

3 Centripetal force

4 Fictitious forces and non-inertial frames: the coriolis force

5 Newton’s universal law of gravitation

6 Satellites and kepler’s laws: an argument for simplicity

Work, energy, and energy resources

Introduction to work, energy, and energy resources

1 Work: the scientific definition

2 Kinetic energy and the work-energy theorem

3 Gravitational potential energy

4 Conservative forces and potential energy

5 Conservation of energy

7 Work, energy, and power in humans

8 World energy use

Linear momentum and collisions

Introduction to linear momentum and collisions

1 Linear momentum and force

3 Conservation of momentum

4 Elastic collisions in one dimension

5 Inelastic collisions in one dimension

6 Collisions of point masses in two dimensions

7 Introduction to rocket propulsion

Statics and torque

Introduction to statics and torque

1 The first condition for equilibrium

2 The second condition for equilibrium

4 Applications of statics, including problem-solving strategies

5 Simple machines

6 Forces and torques in muscles and joints

Rotational motion and angular momentum

Introduction to rotational motion and angular momentum

1 Angular acceleration

2 Kinematics of rotational motion

3 Dynamics of rotational motion: rotational inertia

4 Rotational kinetic energy: work and energy revisited

5 Angular momentum and its conservation

6 Gyroscopic effects: vector aspects of angular momentum

6.1 Section summary

6.2 Conceptual questions

6.3 Problem exercises

Introduction to fluid statics

1 What is a fluid?

4 Variation of pressure with depth in a fluid

5 Pascal’s principle

6 Gauge pressure, absolute pressure, and pressure measurement

7 Archimedes’ principle

8 Cohesion and adhesion in liquids: surface tension and capillary action

9 Pressures in the body

Fluid dynamics and its biological and medical applications

Introduction to fluid dynamics and its biological and medical applications

1 Flow rate and its relation to velocity

2 Bernoulli’s equation

3 The most general applications of bernoulli’s equation

4 Viscosity and laminar flow; poiseuille’s law

5 The onset of turbulence

6 Motion of an object in a viscous fluid

7 Molecular transport phenomena: diffusion, osmosis, and related processes

Temperature, kinetic theory, and the gas laws

Introduction to temperature, kinetic theory, and the gas laws

2 Thermal expansion of solids and liquids

3 The ideal gas law

4 Kinetic theory: atomic and molecular explanation of pressure and

5 Phase changes

6 Humidity, evaporation, and boiling

Heat and heat transfer methods

Introduction to heat and heat transfer methods

2 Temperature change and heat capacity

3 Phase change and latent heat

4 Heat transfer methods

Introduction to thermodynamics

1 The first law of thermodynamics

2 The first law of thermodynamics and some simple processes

3 Introduction to the second law of thermodynamics: heat engines and their

4 Carnot’s perfect heat engine: the second law of thermodynamics restated

5 Applications of thermodynamics: heat pumps and refrigerators

6 Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics: disorder and the unavailability

7 Statistical interpretation of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics

Oscillatory motion and waves

Introduction to oscillatory motion and waves

1 Hooke’s law: stress and strain revisited

2 Period and frequency in oscillations

3 Simple harmonic motion: a special periodic motion

4 The simple pendulum

5 Energy and the simple harmonic oscillator

6 Uniform circular motion and simple harmonic motion

7 Forced oscillations and resonance

9 Superposition and interference

10 Energy in waves: intensity

Physics of hearing

Introduction to the physics of hearing

2 Speed of sound, frequency, and wavelength

3 Sound intensity and sound level

4 Doppler effect and sonic booms

5 Sound interference and resonance: standing waves in air columns

Electric charge and electric field

Introduction to electric charge and electric field

1 Static electricity and charge: conservation of charge

2 Conductors and insulators

3 Coulomb’s law

4 Electric field: concept of a field revisited

5 Electric field lines: multiple charges

6 Electric forces in biology

7 Conductors and electric fields in static equilibrium

8 Applications of electrostatics

Electric potential and electric field

Introduction to electric potential and electric energy

1 Electric potential energy: potential difference

2 Electric potential in a uniform electric field

3 Electrical potential due to a point charge

4 Equipotential lines

5 Capacitors and dielectrics

6 Capacitors in series and parallel

7 Energy stored in capacitors

Electric current, resistance, and ohm's law

Introduction to electric current, resistance, and ohm's law

2 Ohm’s law: resistance and simple circuits

3 Resistance and resistivity

4 Electric power and energy

5 Alternating current versus direct current

6 Electric hazards and the human body

7 Nerve conduction–electrocardiograms

Circuits, bioelectricity, and dc instruments

Introduction to circuits and dc instruments

1 Resistors in series and parallel

2 Electromotive force: terminal voltage

3 Kirchhoff’s rules

3.1 Kirchhoff’s first rule

3.2 Kirchhoff’s second rule

3.3 Applying kirchhoff’s rules

3.4 Calculating current: using kirchhoff’s rules

3.5 Section summary

3.6 Conceptual questions

3.7 Problem exercises

4 Dc voltmeters and ammeters

5 Null measurements

5.1 The potentiometer

5.2 Resistance measurements and the wheatstone bridge

5.3 Section summary

5.4 Conceptual questions

5.5 Problem exercises

6 Dc circuits containing resistors and capacitors

Introduction to magnetism

2 Ferromagnets and electromagnets

3 Magnetic fields and magnetic field lines

4 Magnetic field strength: force on a moving charge in a magnetic field

5 Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field: examples and applications

6 The hall effect

7 Magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor

8 Torque on a current loop: motors and meters

9 Magnetic fields produced by currents: ampere’s law

10 Magnetic force between two parallel conductors

11 More applications of magnetism

Electromagnetic induction, ac circuits, and electrical technologies

Introduction to electromagnetic induction, ac circuits and electrical

1 Induced emf and magnetic flux

2 Faraday’s law of induction: lenz’s law

4 Electric generators

7 Electrical safety: systems and devices

Electromagnetic waves

Introduction to electromagnetic waves

1 Maxwell’s equations: electromagnetic waves predicted and observed

2 Production of electromagnetic waves

3 The electromagnetic spectrum

4 Energy in electromagnetic waves

Geometric optics

Introduction to geometric optics

1 The ray aspect of light

2 The law of reflection

3 The law of refraction

4 Total internal reflection

5 Dispersion: the rainbow and prisms

6 Image formation by lenses

7 Image formation by mirrors

Vision and optical instruments

Introduction to vision and optical instruments

1 Physics of the eye

2 Vision correction

3 Color and color vision

Introduction to wave optics

1 The wave aspect of light: interference

2 Huygens's principle: diffraction

3 Young’s double slit experiment

4 Multiple slit diffraction

5 Single slit diffraction

6 Limits of resolution: the rayleigh criterion

7 Thin film interference

9 *extended topic* microscopy enhanced by the wave characteristics of

Introduction to quantum physics

Introduction to quantum physics

1 Quantization of energy

2 The photoelectric effect

3 Photon energies and the electromagnetic spectrum

4 Photon momentum

5 The particle-wave duality

6 The wave nature of matter

7 Probability: the heisenberg uncertainty principle

8 The particle-wave duality reviewed

Introduction to atomic physics

1 Discovery of the atom

2 Discovery of the parts of the atom: electrons and nuclei

3 Bohr’s theory of the hydrogen atom

4 X rays: atomic origins and applications

5 Applications of atomic excitations and de-excitations

6 The wave nature of matter causes quantization

7 Patterns in spectra reveal more quantization

8 Quantum numbers and rules

9 The pauli exclusion principle

Radioactivity and nuclear physics

Introduction to radioactivity and nuclear physics

1 Nuclear radioactivity

2 Radiation detection and detectors

3 Substructure of the nucleus

4 Nuclear decay and conservation laws

5 Half-life and activity

6 Binding energy

Medical applications of nuclear physics

Introduction to applications of nuclear physics

1 Medical imaging and diagnostics

2 Biological effects of ionizing radiation

3 Therapeutic uses of ionizing radiation

4 Food irradiation

6.1 Section summary

6.2 Conceptual questions

6.3 Problem exercises

7 Nuclear weapons

Source: OpenStax, College physics -- hlca 1104. OpenStax CNX. May 18, 2013 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11525/1.1

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