(a) The Australia Telescope Compact Array at Narrabri (500 km NW of Sydney). (credit: Ian Bailey) (b) The focusing of x rays on the Chandra
Observatory, a satellite orbiting earth. X rays ricochet off 4 pairs of mirrors forming a barrelled pathway leading to the focus point. (credit: NASA)
A current exciting development is a collaborative effort involving 17 countries to construct a Square Kilometre Array (SKA) of telescopes capable of covering from 80 MHz to 2 GHz. The initial stage of the project is the construction of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder in Western Australia (see
[link] ). The project will use cutting-edge technologies such as
adaptive optics in which the lens or mirror is constructed from lots of carefully aligned tiny lenses and mirrors that can be manipulated using computers. A range of rapidly changing distortions can be minimized by deforming or tilting the tiny lenses and mirrors. The use of adaptive optics in vision correction is a current area of research.
An artist’s impression of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder in Western Australia is displayed. (credit: SPDO, XILOSTUDIOS)
Test prep for ap courses
Which of the following is an advantage to using a concave mirror in the construction of a telescope?
The telescope can gather more light than a telescope using lenses.
The telescope does not suffer from chromatic aberration.
The telescope can provide greater magnification than a telescope using lenses.
Two concave lenses, of focal lengths 500 mm and 20 mm, are used in the construction of a telescope. Given any potential arrangement, what is the largest possible magnification the telescope may have?
Simple telescopes can be made with two lenses. They are used for viewing objects at large distances and utilize the entire range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The angular magnification M for a telescope is given by
where
is the angle subtended by an object viewed by the unaided eye,
is the angle subtended by a magnified image, and
and
are the focal lengths of the objective and the eyepiece.
Conceptual questions
If you want your microscope or telescope to project a real image onto a screen, how would you change the placement of the eyepiece relative to the objective?
Find the distance between the objective and eyepiece lenses in the telescope in the above problem needed to produce a final image very far from the observer, where vision is most relaxed. Note that a telescope is normally used to view very distant objects.
A large reflecting telescope has an objective mirror with a
radius of curvature. What angular magnification does it produce when a
focal length eyepiece is used?
A small telescope has a concave mirror with a 2.00 m radius of curvature for its objective. Its eyepiece is a 4.00 cm focal length lens. (a) What is the telescope’s angular magnification? (b) What angle is subtended by a 25,000 km diameter sunspot? (c) What is the angle of its telescopic image?
A
binocular produces an angular magnification of
, acting like a telescope. (Mirrors are used to make the image upright.) If the binoculars have objective lenses with a 75.0 cm focal length, what is the focal length of the eyepiece lenses?
Consider a telescope of the type used by Galileo, having a convex objective and a concave eyepiece as illustrated in
[link] (a). Construct a problem in which you calculate the location and size of the image produced. Among the things to be considered are the focal lengths of the lenses and their relative placements as well as the size and location of the object. Verify that the angular magnification is greater than one. That is, the angle subtended at the eye by the image is greater than the angle subtended by the object.
In biology, a pathogen (Greek: πάθος pathos "suffering", "passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is anything that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ.
The term pathogen came into use in the 1880s.[1][2
Biology is the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized field that cover their morphology, physiology,anatomy, behaviour,origin and distribution.
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biology is the study of life.
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Biology is the study of how living organisms live and survive in a specific environment
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