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- Half-life and activity
To obtain the most precise value of BE from the equation
, we should take into account the binding energy of the electrons in the neutral atoms. Will doing this produce a larger or smaller value for BE? Why is this effect usually negligible?
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Problems&Exercises
Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems.
An old campfire is uncovered during an archaeological dig. Its charcoal is found to contain less than 1/1000 the normal amount of
. Estimate the minimum age of the charcoal, noting that
.
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A
source is labeled 4.00 mCi, but its present activity is found to be
Bq. (a) What is the present activity in mCi? (b) How long ago did it actually have a 4.00-mCi activity?
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(a) Calculate the activity
in curies of 1.00 g of
. (b) Discuss why your answer is not exactly 1.00 Ci, given that the curie was originally supposed to be exactly the activity of a gram of radium.
(a) 0.988 Ci
(b) The half-life of
is now better known.
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Show that the activity of the
in 1.00 g of
found in living tissue is 0.250 Bq.
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Mantles for gas lanterns contain thorium, because it forms an oxide that can survive being heated to incandescence for long periods of time. Natural thorium is almost 100%
, with a half-life of
. If an average lantern mantle contains 300 mg of thorium, what is its activity?
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Cow’s milk produced near nuclear reactors can be tested for as little as 1.00 pCi of
per liter, to check for possible reactor leakage. What mass of
has this activity?
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(a) Natural potassium contains
, which has a half-life of
y. What mass of
in a person would have a decay rate of 4140 Bq? (b) What is the fraction of
in natural potassium, given that the person has 140 g in his body? (These numbers are typical for a 70-kg adult.)
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There is more than one isotope of natural uranium. If a researcher isolates 1.00 mg of the relatively scarce
and finds this mass to have an activity of 80.0 Bq, what is its half-life in years?
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has one of the longest known radioactive half-lives. In a difficult experiment, a researcher found that the activity of 1.00 kg of
is 1.75 Bq. What is the half-life in years?
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You can sometimes find deep red crystal vases in antique stores, called uranium glass because their color was produced by doping the glass with uranium. Look up the natural isotopes of uranium and their half-lives, and calculate the activity of such a vase assuming it has 2.00 g of uranium in it. Neglect the activity of any daughter nuclides.
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A tree falls in a forest. How many years must pass before the
activity in 1.00 g of the tree’s carbon drops to 1.00 decay per hour?
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A 5000-Ci
source used for cancer therapy is considered too weak to be useful when its activity falls to 3500 Ci. How long after its manufacture does this happen?
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Questions & Answers
it is the relatively stable flow of income
what is circular flow of income
branches of macroeconomics
what is Flexible exchang rate?
is gdp a reliable measurement of wealth
introduction to econometrics
Why is unemployment rate never zero at full employment?
bcoz of existence of frictional unemployment in our economy.
Umashankar
what is flexible exchang rate?
poudel
due to existence of the pple with disabilities
Abdulraufu
the demand of a good rises, causing the demand for another good to fall
is it possible to leave every good at the same level
Joseph
I don't think so. because check it, if the demand for chicken increases, people will no longer consume fish like they used to causing a fall in the demand for fish
Anuolu
is not really possible to let the value of a goods to be same at the same time.....
Salome
Suppose the inflation rate is 6%, does it mean that all the goods you purchase will cost
6% more than previous year? Provide with reasoning.
Not necessarily. To measure the inflation rate economists normally use an averaged price index of a basket of certain goods. So if you purchase goods included in the basket, you will notice that you pay 6% more, otherwise not necessarily.
Waeth
discus major problems of macroeconomics
what is the problem of macroeconomics
Yoal
Economic growth
Stable prices
and low unemployment
Ephraim
explain inflationcause and itis degre
increase in general price levels
WEETO
Good day
How do I calculate this question: C= 100+5yd G= 2000 T= 2000 I(planned)=200.
Suppose the actual output is 3000. What is the level of planned expenditures at this level of output?
how to calculate actual output?
Chisomo
how to calculate the equilibrium income
Beshir
Criteria for determining money supply
who we can define macroeconomics in one line
Muhammad
Aggregate demand
Mohammed
C=k100 +9y and i=k50.calculate the equilibrium level of output
nawalparasi district
from belatari
Amisha
I am Camara from Guinea west Africa... happy to meet you guys here
Sekou
ahile becheclor ho
Amisha
hjr ktm bta ho
ani k kaam grnu hunxa tw
Amisha
money as unit of account means what?
Kalombe
A unit of account is something that can be used to value goods and services and make calculations
Jim
all of you please speak in English I can't understand you're language
Muhammad
I want to know how can we define macroeconomics in one line
Muhammad
it must be .9 or 0.9
no Mpc is greater than 1
Y=100+.9Y+50
Y-.9Y=150
0.1Y/0.1=150/0.1
Y=1500
Kalombe
Mercy is it clear?😋
Kalombe
hi can someone help me on this question
If a negative shocks shifts the IS curve to the left, what type of policy do you suggest so as to stabilize the level of output?
discuss your answer using appropriate graph.
if interest rate is increased this will will reduce the level of income shifting the curve to the left ◀️
Kalombe
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Source:
OpenStax, College physics for ap® courses. OpenStax CNX. Nov 04, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11844/1.14
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