Applying the science practices: electrostatic induction
Plan an experiment to demonstrate electrostatic induction using household items, like balloons, woolen cloth, aluminum drink cans, or foam cups. Explain the process of induction in your experiment by discussing details of (and making diagrams relating to) the movement and alignment of charges.
Phet explorations: john travoltage
Make sparks fly with John Travoltage. Wiggle Johnnie's foot and he picks up charges from the carpet. Bring his hand close to the door knob and get rid of the excess charge.
Test prep for ap courses
Some students experimenting with an uncharged metal sphere want to give the sphere a net charge using a charged aluminum pie plate. Which of the following steps would give the sphere a net charge of the same sign as the pie plate?
bringing the pie plate close to, but not touching, the metal sphere, then moving the pie plate away.
bringing the pie plate close to, but not touching, the metal sphere, then momentarily touching a grounding wire to the metal sphere.
bringing the pie plate close to, but not touching, the metal sphere, then momentarily touching a grounding wire to the pie plate.
As shown in the figure above, two metal balls are suspended and a negatively charged rod is brought close to them.
If the two balls are in contact with each other what will be the charges on each ball?
Explain how the balls get these charges.
What will happen to the charge on the second ball (i.e., the ball further away from the rod) if it is momentarily grounded while the rod is still there?
If (instead of grounding) the second ball is moved away and then the rod is removed from the first ball, will the two balls have induced charges? If yes, what will be the charges? If no, why not?
a) Ball 1 will have positive charge and Ball 2 will have negative charge. b) The negatively charged rod attracts positive charge of Ball 1. The electrons of Ball 1 are transferred to Ball 2, making it negatively charged. c) If Ball 2 is grounded while the rod is still there, it will lose its negative charge to the ground. d) Yes, Ball 1 will be positively charged and Ball 2 will be negatively charge.
Two experiments are performed using positively charged glass rods and neutral electroscopes. In the first experiment the rod is brought in contact with the electroscope. In the second experiment the rod is only brought close to the electroscope but not in contact. However, while the rod is close, the electroscope is momentarily grounded and then the rod is removed. In both experiments the needles of the electroscopes deflect, which indicates the presence of charges.
What is the charging method in each of the two experiments?
What is the net charge on the electroscope in the first experiment? Explain how the electroscope obtains that charge.
Is the net charge on the electroscope in the second experiment different from that of the first experiment? Explain why.
Polarization is the separation of positive and negative charges in a neutral object.
A conductor is a substance that allows charge to flow freely through its atomic structure.
An insulator holds charge within its atomic structure.
Objects with like charges repel each other, while those with unlike charges attract each other.
A conducting object is said to be grounded if it is connected to the Earth through a conductor. Grounding allows transfer of charge to and from the earth's large reservoir.
Objects can be charged by contact with another charged object and obtain the same sign charge.
If an object is temporarily grounded, it can be charged by induction, and obtains the opposite sign charge.
Polarized objects have their positive and negative charges concentrated in different areas, giving them a non-symmetrical charge.
Polar molecules have an inherent separation of charge.
Conceptual questions
An eccentric inventor attempts to levitate by first placing a large negative charge on himself and then putting a large positive charge on the ceiling of his workshop. Instead, while attempting to place a large negative charge on himself, his clothes fly off. Explain.
If you have charged an electroscope by contact with a positively charged object, describe how you could use it to determine the charge of other objects. Specifically, what would the leaves of the electroscope do if other charged objects were brought near its knob?
When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, it becomes positive and the silk becomes negative—yet both attract dust. Does the dust have a third type of charge that is attracted to both positive and negative? Explain.
Suppose a speck of dust in an electrostatic precipitator has
protons in it and has a net charge of –5.00 nC (a very large charge for a small speck). How many electrons does it have?
An amoeba has
protons and a net charge of 0.300 pC. (a) How many fewer electrons are there than protons? (b) If you paired them up, what fraction of the protons would have no electrons?
A 50.0 g ball of copper has a net charge of
. What fraction of the copper's electrons has been removed? (Each copper atom has 29 protons, and copper has an atomic mass of 63.5.)
Abiotic factors are non living components of ecosystem.These include physical and chemical elements like temperature,light,water,soil,air quality and oxygen etc