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Tegnologie

Graad 9

Meganismes en beweging

Module 3

Katrolle en ratte

Katrolle en Ratte

  • Katrolle en ratte word gebruik om ’n rotasiebeweging van een plek na ’n ander oor te dra. Albei is wiele. Katrolle word gemaak met ’n groef in die rand, waarin ’n belt of tou kan loop. Dit kan die rotasiebeweging van een as na ’n ander oordra, of dit kan gebruik word om swaar laste op te lig.
  • Ratte is wiele met tande wat eweredig om die rand gespasieer is. Verskeie ratte kan saamgevoeg word sodat hulle tande ineenskakel. Wanneer twee of meer ratte saam gebruik word, vorm hulle ’n ratstel. Ratte kan gebruik word om die spoed en rigting te verander waarin iets draai of roteer. Wanneer kettings gebruik word om die ratte te verbind, word ’n ketting-en-ratstelsel gevorm wat byvoorbeeld op fietse en motorfietse gebruik word.Eenvoudige katrol
    Gedraaide katrol
    Saamgestelde katrol
    Twee ratte
    ’n Ratstel

Saamgestelde ratte

Tandstangkleinrat

Wurm en wiel

Koniese rat

Ratstelsels

  • Die illustrasie toon ratte wat vasgeheg is aan parallelle asse en ’n eenvoudige ratstel vorm. Die rat op die dryfas is die dryfrat en is aan gedrewe rat verbind. Die asse sal in teenoorgestelde rigtings draai, en omdat ratte van verskillende groottes is, sal elkeen teen ‘n ander spoed draai. Die verskil in hulle spoed (snelheidsverhouding) kan bereken word uit die getal tande op elke rat.
  • In hierdie geval beteken dit dat die dryfas twee keer moet draai vir die gedrewe as om een keer te draai.

Katrolstelsels

  • Katrolstelsels gebruik ’n belt om beweging en krag van die dryfas na die gedrewe as oor te dra. Jou pa se motor het ’n katrolstelsel met ’n V-belt wat in groewe op die katrolwiele loop. ’n Verandering in spoed word bewerkstellig deur verskillende groottes katrolle op die dryf- en gedrewe as te gebruik. Deur die grootte van die twee katrolle te vergelyk, kan jy die snelheidsverhouding (SV) van die stelsel bereken.
  • As die deursnee van die dryfkatrolle in ’n katrolstelsel 100 mm is en dié van die gedrewe katrol 25 mm is:
  • Dit beteken dat een draai van die dryfas vier draaie van die gedrewe as sal verg. Die spoed van die gedrewe as kan soos volg bereken word:
  • As die insetspoed 2 000 rpm is en die SV 1:4 is, is die leweringspoed 8 000 rpm.

Aktiwiteit 1

  1. Trek pyltjies in die sketse om die leweringsrigting aan te dui.

  1. Skets die dwarsdeursnee van die V-belt en katrol.
  1. Noem twee voorbeelde vir die gebruik van katrolstelsels.
  1. Die figuur toon twee ratte in kam:

4.1 As die insetspoed 1 250 rpm is, wat is die leweringspoed?

4.2 Hoe kan jy die dryf- en gedrewe rat in dieselfde rigting laat roteer?

  1. Wat is die voor- en nadele van ketting-en-ratstelsels vergeleke met katrolstelsels?
Voordele Nadele
Ketting-en ratstelsels
Katrolstelsels
LU 2.3

Assessering

LU 2
TEGNOLOGIESE KENNIS EN BEGRIP Die leerder is in staat om relevante tegnologiese kennis te verstaan en dit eties en verantwoordelik toe te pas.
Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder:
strukture:2.1 kennis en begrip toon van strukture:
  • eienskappe van materiaal wat die funksie daarvan in strukture affekteer (bv. massa, hardheid, styfheid, veerkragtigheid, weerstand teen korrosie, sterkte in spanning, samepersing, skuifwerking);
  • ontleding (geen berekeninge nie) van die uitwerking van verskillende laste (gelyke/ongelyke, statiese/dinamiese);
stelsels en beheer:2.3 deur praktiese analise, kennis en begrip van interaktiewe meganiese sisteme en subsisteme demonstreer en sulke sisteme en subsisteme met diagrammatiese sisteemdiagramme voorstel:
  • ratstelsels;
  • band gedrewe of katrolsisteme met meer as een stadium;
  • meganiese beheermeganismes.

Memorandum

AKTIWITEIT 1

1. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

1.

  • Boormasjien, takelstel

1.1.1 80 4 × 1250 1 size 12{ { {"80"} over {4} } times { {"1250"} over {1} } } {} = 250 opm

2 Voeg luierrat in

Voordele van tandratte en kettings

1. Groter kragte kan oorgedra word

2. Kettings gly nie

3. Kettings kan uitmekaar gehaal word om verwysder te kan word

  • Voordele van katrolle en belte

1. Belte is nie raserig nie

2. Belte kan gerek word om op te sit of af te haal

3. Gekruisde belte kan rigting van rotasie verander

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Source:  OpenStax, Tegnologie graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11070/1.1
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