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Inleiding tot funksies en grafieke

Funksies is wiskundige boustene wat toepassings het in masjienontwerp, die voorspelling van natuurrampe, die mediese veld, ekonomiese analise en vliegtuigontwerp. 'n Funksie het vir elke invoerwaarde net 'n enkele uitvoerwaarde. Dit is moontlik dat 'n funksie meer as een inset van verskillende veranderlikes kan hê, maar dan sal dit steeds net 'n enkele uitset hê. Ons gaan egter nie in hierdie hoofstuk na sulke tipe funksies kyk nie.

Een van die groot voordele van funksies is dat hulle ons toelaat om vergelykings te visualiseer deur middel van 'n grafiek . 'n Grafiek is bloot 'n tekening van ’n funksie en dit word gebruik as 'n ander voorstellingswyse in plaas van 'n tabel met getalle. In hierdie hoofstuk gaan ons leer hoe om funksies met reële getalle te skep en te verstaan; en hoe om grafieke te lees en te teken.

Funksies se toepassing strek van groot wetenskap- en ingenieurs probleme tot alledaagse probleme. So, dit is nuttig om meer te leer van funksies. 'n Funksie is altyd afhanklik van een of meer veranderlikes, soos tyd, afstand of 'n meer abstrakte entiteit.

Alledaagse gebruike van funksies en grafieke

ʼn Paar tipiese voorbeelde van funksies waarmee jy moontlik bekend is:

  • Hoeveel geld jy het as 'n funksie van tyd. Hier is tyd die inset vir die funksie en die uitset is die bedrag geld. Jy sal op enige oomblik net een bedrag geld hê. As jy verstaan hoe jou bedrag geld verander oor tyd, kan jy beplan hoe om jou geld beter te spandeer. Besighede teken die grafiek van hulle geldsake oor tyd, sodat hulle kan sien wanneer hulle te veel geld spandeer. Sulke waarnemings is nie altyd duidelik deur slegs na die getalle te kyk nie.
  • Die temperatuur is 'n voorbeeld van 'n funksie met veelvuldige insette, insluitend die tyd van die dag, die seisoen, die wolkbedekking, die wind, die plek en vele ander. Die belangrike ding om in te sien, is dat daar net een waarde vir temperatuur is op 'n spesifieke plek, op 'n spesifieke tyd. As ons verstaan hoe die insette die temperatuur beïnvloed, kan ons ons dag beter beplan.
  • Jou posisie is 'n funksie van tyd omdat jy nie op twee plekke op dieselfde tyd kan wees nie. Indien jy twee mense se posisie as 'n funksie van tyd sou teken of stip ('plot'), sal die plek waar die lyne kruis, aandui waar die mense mekaar ontmoet. Hierdie idee word gebruik in logistiek – 'n veld van Wiskunde wat probeer voorspel waar mense en items is, hoofsaaklik vir besigheid.
  • Jou massa is 'n funksie van hoeveel jy eet en hoe baie oefening jy doen, maar elke persoon se liggaam hanteer die insette anders en mens kan dan verskillende liggame voorstel as verskillende funksies.

Hersiening

Die volgende behoort bekend te wees.

Veranderlikes en konstantes

In Oorsig van vorige werk , het ons gewerk met veranderlikes en konstantes. Om vinnig te hersien: 'n veranderlike kan enige waarde aanneem in 'n stel getalle, indien die vergelyking konstant is. Gewoonlik word 'n veranderlike geskryf met 'n letter.

'n Konstante het 'n vaste waarde. Byvoorbeeld, die getal 1 is 'n konstante. Soms kan mens ook letters gebruik om konstantes voor te stel in 'n funksie, as 'n plekhouer, omdat hulle soms makliker is om mee te werk.

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Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
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Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 10) [caps]. OpenStax CNX. Aug 04, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11328/1.4
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