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The sprite needs to face to the left when it is moving from right to left. This is the default state of the sprite sheet shown in Figure 1 so no flip is required.

The sprite needs to face to the right when it is moving from left to right. This requires a horizontal flip on the sprite images shown in Figure 1 .

Call the SpriteBatch.End method

The last statement in Listing 12 calls the SpriteBatch.End method to terminate the drawing process for the current iteration of the gameloop.

The visual frame rate

By default, the Update and Draw methods are each called approximately 60 times per second or approximately once every 16.67milliseconds. This can be changed by program code but it was not changed in this program.

The fast frame rate

When the program is drawing the sprite images in the top row of Figure 1 , a new sprite image is selected for drawing only once every 175 milliseconds (seethe variable named fast ). Therefore, the same sprite image is drawn during ten or eleven successive iterations of the game loop.

The slow frame rate

When the program is drawing the sprite images in the bottom row of Figure 1 , a new sprite image is selected for drawing only once every 525 milliseconds (seethe variable named slow ). Therefore, each of the sprites in the bottom row is drawn during about 33 successive iterations of the game loop.

Avoid flicker but animate more slowly

By drawing the sprite images 60 times per second, the image can be maintained on the computer screen with no visible flicker. By drawing the same imagemultiple times in succession, the overall visual frame rate can be slowed down to produce a pleasing animation effect.

The end of the program

Listing 13 shows the required call to the superclass of the Draw method, the end of the Draw method, the end of the class, and the end of the namespace.

Listing 13 . The end of the program.

//Required standard code. base.Draw(gameTime);}//end Draw method }//End class}//End namespace

Run the program

I encourage you to copy the code from Listing 14 . Use that code to create an XNA project. Compile and run the project. Experiment with the code, makingchanges, and observing the results of your changes. Make certain that you can explain why your changes behave as they do. Be sure to take the scale factorinto account as mentioned earlier .

Run my program

Click here to download a zip file containing my version of the program. Extract the folder named XNA0122Proj from the zip file and save it somewhere on your disk. Start Visual C# 2010 Express and select Open Project... from the File menu. Navigate to the project folder and select the file with the extension of .sln . This should cause the project to open and be ready to run or debug as described in the earlier module titled Getting Started .

Summary

Among other things, you learned:

  • How to create frame animation using a sprite sheet.
  • How to flip and scale sprite images when they are drawn.
  • How to implement different animation frame rates in the same program.
  • How to work with different groups of sprite images in the same program.
  • How to change the size of the game window.
  • How to create a Rectangle object.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
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Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
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Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
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Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
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_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
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Sadik
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Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
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what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
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Micheal
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Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Xna game studio. OpenStax CNX. Feb 28, 2014 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11634/1.6
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