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watervlakke van riviere en damme daal en sommige droog heeltemal op: visse vrek

veroorsaak ‘n daling in die bruto binnelandse produk (BBP) van ‘n land

verwoestyning van randgebiede

mense word gedwing om uit droogte-geteisterde areas te migreer: baie ongeskoold

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om die uitwerking van droogtes op gebiede en mense te bekyk

[lu 2.3]

  • Gebruik die inligting van hierdie afdeling om die volgende vrae te beantwoord:

Persentasie woestyn- en halfwoestyngebiede van Afrika:

  1. Watter kontinente word die meeste deur droogtes geraak?
  2. Hoe sal mense, woonagtig in droogte-geteisterde gebiede, die meeste geraak word? Probeer bostaande lys aanvul met jou eie idees en kennis.
  3. Verduidelik die volgende stelling: Droogtes kan veroorsaak en selfs vererger word deur aktiwiteite van mense.

1.3 Hoekom sommige mense ‘n hoër risiko as ander is

Dit is belangrik om te onthou dat dit die verhouding tussen die mens en sy omgewing is wat bepaal of die droogte in ‘n ramp gaan ontaard.

As ons weer na figuur 1 (wêreldkaart van waar droogtes die meeste voorkom) kyk, sal ons sien dat droogtes meesal voorkom in die armer, ontwikkelende lande van die wêreld. Waarom?

  • As gevolg van hul agtergeblewenheid glo hulle dat mag nog steeds in getalle lê en dat ouers baie kinders moet hê wat eendag na die ouers kan omsien. Dit veroorsaak baie geboortes en ‘n groeiende bevolking.
  • Voedsel word slegs vir eie huishoudelike gebruik gekweek. Geen bemesting word toegedien nie. Oor jare verarm die grond en die oesopbrengste verlaag. Minder voedsel word geproduseer.
  • Grond word oor ‘n lang tydperk wangebruik en geen kunsmis word bygevoeg nie.
  • Besproeiing, indien beskikbaar, word verkeerdelik aangewend en vererger erosie.
  • Die besit van ‘n veekudde is vir die mense van groot belang, want dit verteenwoordig groot rykdom. Te veel vee word op ‘n stuk grond gelaat en oorbeweiding veroorsaak vernietiging van plantegroei, sodat erosie intree.
  • Erosie verwyder die vrugbare bo-grond, die grond verarm en die produksie verlaag verder.
  • Arm mense het ook nie elektriese krag tot hul beskikking nie en moet van brandhout gebruik maak vir hitte. Baie bome word dus vernietig vir brandhout. Dit benadeel weer die grond se waterhouvermoë en water verdamp vinniger.

Rampdroogtes kom ook in ontwikkelde gebiede voor, soos tans in die Wes-Kaap in Suid-Afrika. Ons kan egter sê dat vermoënde mense minder deur droogtes geraak word. Hulle kan oorleef omdat hulle ander bates het wat hulle deur die moeilike tye kan dra. Die groot, ryk boere en/of maatskappye is egter soms self besig om die omgewing te vernietig met hulle enorme ontwikkelings.

1.4 Voorkomende maatreëls: die bestuur van gevare en gevaarvermindering

As jy die koerant lees of na die nuus luister of kyk, sal jy sonder twyfel van ‘n droogtetoestand iewers in Suid-Afrika kennis neem. Kyk weer na figuur 2 wat die droë streke van Suid-Afrika aantoon. Dis dus nie verbasend dat Suid-Afrika baie droogtes sal beleef nie.

Is daar moontlike oplossings vir die droogte-probleem? Sulke stappe is nie altyd uitvoerbaar nie, maar sluit in:

Questions & Answers

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When MP₁ becomes negative, TP start to decline. Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 • Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of lab
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In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities,
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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 09, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11020/1.1
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