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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 8

Biodiversiteit: aanpassings en oorlewing

Module 23

Prehistoriese lewe

Vir miljoene jare was die enigste lewe op aarde klein mikroskopiese eensellige organismes. Sowat 700 miljoen jaar gelede het die regte diere soos jellievisse en sponse in die see verskyn.

Hulle het sagte liggame gehad maar omdat diere skulpe, tande en kloue ontwikkel het, kan ons vandag nog bepaal hoe hulle gelyk het. Hoe? Deur die bestudering van nuutontdekte fossiele.

Van die begin van die Kambriaanse tydperk of periode sluit die fossielfondse diere soos krokodille en haaie in.

Sommige diere het gou uitgesterf toe toestande verander het. Ander het aanpassings gemaak en het oorleef. Verskeie kere in die aarde se geskiedenis was daar massale uitsterwings.

Die aarde is biljoene jare oud.

Vind meer hieroor uit: Besoek www.ucamp.berkeley.edu/exhibit/geology.html

Net soos ’n horlosie in ure, minute en sekondes verdeel word, so kan die aarde se geskiedenis in vier groot blokke verdeel word. Ons noem dit EONS. Die eerste drie saam staan bekend as die Prekambriaanse tydperk. Ons inligting oor dié tydperk is skraps vanweë min fossiele wat oorgebly het en waarvan ons sou kon leer.

Die laaste tydperk staan bekend as die Proterosoïese eon. Dié eon het sowat 540 miljoen jaar gelede begin en word in vier eras verdeel.

Hierdie eras is in periodes verdeel wat elk tussen 2 en 80 miljoen jaar kon geduur het.

Aktiwiteit: begripstoets en navorsing

1. Wat dink jy is geologiese tyd?

2. Gebruik die sirkel om die indeling van geologiese tyd soos hierbo beskryf, voor te stel.

3. Wat sou die massale uitsterwings waarna in die stuk verwys word veroorsaak het?

4. Wat is fossiele?

  1. Hoe dink jy bepaal wetenskaplikes die ouderdom van die aarde? Vind meer uit oor koolstofdatering.

NAVORSING: KOOLSTOFDATERING:

6. Vind meer uit oor EVOLUSIE soos wat dit gedokumenteer is.

  • Onthou dat hierdie ’n sensitiewe onderwerp is en dat almal nie dieselfde sienings huldig nie. Dit is egter ’n wetenskaplike se plig om alle verskynsels en teorieë te ondersoek en sy gevolgtrekkings met ander te deel. Elke individu kan dan besluit of hy saamstem of nie. Neem dus ’n ingeligte besluit!

NAVORSING: EVOLUSIE:

  • Soek op google.com

Assessering van navorsing:

Kon jy enigiets uitvind oor koolstofdatering en evolusie?

[LU 1.2]

Assessering

LU 1

Wetenskaplike Ondersoek

Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke kan beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke kan uitvoer en data kan insamel;

1.3 data kan evalueer en bevindinge kan kommunikeer.

Memorandum

Prehistoriese lewe

Aktiwiteit: begripstoets en navorsing

  • Berei voor – lees self op oor koolstofdatering en kry bronne oor evolusie
  • Ook massauitsterwings
  • Soek toepaslike videomateriaal

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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