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- Radioactivity and nuclear physics
- Nuclear decay and conservation
Section summary
- When a parent nucleus decays, it produces a daughter nucleus following rules and conservation laws. There are three major types of nuclear decay, called alpha
beta
and gamma
. The
decay equation is
- Nuclear decay releases an amount of energy
related to the mass destroyed
by
- There are three forms of beta decay. The
decay equation is
- The
decay equation is
- The electron capture equation is
-
is an electron,
is an antielectron or positron,
represents an electron’s neutrino, and
is an electron’s antineutrino. In addition to all previously known conservation laws, two new ones arise— conservation of electron family number and conservation of the total number of nucleons. The
decay equation is
is a high-energy photon originating in a nucleus.
Conceptual questions
Star Trek fans have often heard the term “antimatter drive.” Describe how you could use a magnetic field to trap antimatter, such as produced by nuclear decay, and later combine it with matter to produce energy. Be specific about the type of antimatter, the need for vacuum storage, and the fraction of matter converted into energy.
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What conservation law requires an electron’s neutrino to be produced in electron capture? Note that the electron no longer exists after it is captured by the nucleus.
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Neutrinos are experimentally determined to have an extremely small mass. Huge numbers of neutrinos are created in a supernova at the same time as massive amounts of light are first produced. When the 1987A supernova occurred in the Large Magellanic Cloud, visible primarily in the Southern Hemisphere and some 100,000 light-years away from Earth, neutrinos from the explosion were observed at about the same time as the light from the blast. How could the relative arrival times of neutrinos and light be used to place limits on the mass of neutrinos?
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Problems&Exercises
In the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the complete
notation. Refer to the periodic table for values of
.
decay of
(tritium), a manufactured isotope of hydrogen used in some digital watch displays, and manufactured primarily for use in hydrogen bombs.
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decay of
, a naturally occurring rare isotope of potassium responsible for some of our exposure to background radiation.
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decay of
.
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Electron capture by
.
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decay of
, the isotope of polonium in the decay series of
that was discovered by the Curies. A favorite isotope in physics labs, since it has a short half-life and decays to a stable nuclide.
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decay of
, another isotope in the decay series of
, first recognized as a new element by the Curies. Poses special problems because its daughter is a radioactive noble gas.
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Questions & Answers
how does Neisseria cause meningitis
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
which site have a normal flora
Many sites of the body have it
Skin
Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:
OpenStax, College physics for ap® courses. OpenStax CNX. Nov 04, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11844/1.14
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