Draw a circuit with resistors in parallel and in series.
Use Ohm’s law to calculate the voltage drop across a resistor when current passes through it.
Contrast the way total resistance is calculated for resistors in series and in parallel.
Explain why total resistance of a parallel circuit is less than the smallest resistance of any of the resistors in that circuit.
Calculate total resistance of a circuit that contains a mixture of resistors connected in series and in parallel.
The information presented in this section supports the following AP® learning objectives and science practices:
4.E.5.1 The student is able to make and justify a quantitative prediction of the effect of a change in values or arrangements of one or two circuit elements on the currents and potential differences in a circuit containing a small number of sources of emf, resistors, capacitors, and switches in series and/or parallel.
(S.P. 2.2, 6.4)
4.E.5.2 The student is able to make and justify a qualitative prediction of the effect of a change in values or arrangements of one or two circuit elements on currents and potential differences in a circuit containing a small number of sources of emf, resistors, capacitors, and switches in series and/or parallel.
(S.P. 6.1, 6.4)
4.E.5.3 The student is able to plan data collection strategies and perform data analysis to examine the values of currents and potential differences in an electric circuit that is modified by changing or rearranging circuit elements, including sources of emf, resistors, and capacitors.
(S.P. 2.2, 4.2, 5.1)
5.B.9.3 The student is able to apply conservation of energy (Kirchhoff’s loop rule) in calculations involving the total electric potential difference for complete circuit loops with only a single battery and resistors in series and/or in, at most, one parallel branch.
(S.P. 2.2, 6.4, 7.2)
Most circuits have more than one component, called a
resistor that limits the flow of charge in the circuit. A measure of this limit on charge flow is called
resistance . The simplest combinations of resistors are the series and parallel connections illustrated in
[link] . The total resistance of a combination of resistors depends on both their individual values and how they are connected.
Resistors in series
When are resistors in
series ? Resistors are in series whenever the flow of charge, called the
current , must flow through devices sequentially. For example, if current flows through a person holding a screwdriver and into the Earth, then
in
[link] (a) could be the resistance of the screwdriver’s shaft,
the resistance of its handle,
the person’s body resistance, and
the resistance of her shoes.
[link] shows resistors in series connected to a
voltage source. It seems reasonable that the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances, considering that the current has to pass through each resistor in sequence. (This fact would be an advantage to a person wishing to avoid an electrical shock, who could reduce the current by wearing high-resistance rubber-soled shoes. It could be a disadvantage if one of the resistances were a faulty high-resistance cord to an appliance that would reduce the operating current.)
Astronomy (from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía) 'science that studies the laws of the stars') is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution.
Rafael
vjuvu
Elgoog
what is big bang theory?
Rosemary
what type of activity astronomer do?
Rosemary
No
Richard
the big bang theory is a theory which states that all matter was compressed together in one place the matter got so unstable it exploded releasing All its contents in the form of hydrogen
according to the theory of astronomers why the moon is always appear in an elliptical orbit?
Gatjuol
hi !!! I am new in astronomy....
I have so many questions in mind ....
all of scientists of the word they just give opinion only.
but they never think true or false ...
i respect all of them...
I believes whole universe depending
on true ...থিউরি
Govinda
hello
Jackson
hi
Elyana
we're all stars and galaxies a part of sun. how can science prove thx with respect old ancient times picture or books..or anything with respect to present time .but we r a part of that universe
there many theory to born universe but what is the reality of big bang theory to born universe
Asmit
what is the exact value of π?
Nagalakshmi
by big bang
universal
there are many theories regarding this it's on you believe any theory that you think is true ex. eternal inflation theory, oscillation model theory, multiple universe theory the big bang theory etc.
Aarya
I think after Big Bang!
Michele
from where on earth could u observe all the stars during the during the course of an year
is that so. the question was in the end of this chapter
Karuna
in theory, you could see them all from the equator (though over the course of a year, not at pne time). stars are measured in "declination", which is how far N or S of the equator (90* to -90*). Polaris is the North star, and is ALMOST 90* (+89*).
So it would just barely creep over the horizon.
Christopher
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