Draw a circuit with resistors in parallel and in series.
Use Ohm’s law to calculate the voltage drop across a resistor when current passes through it.
Contrast the way total resistance is calculated for resistors in series and in parallel.
Explain why total resistance of a parallel circuit is less than the smallest resistance of any of the resistors in that circuit.
Calculate total resistance of a circuit that contains a mixture of resistors connected in series and in parallel.
The information presented in this section supports the following AP® learning objectives and science practices:
4.E.5.1 The student is able to make and justify a quantitative prediction of the effect of a change in values or arrangements of one or two circuit elements on the currents and potential differences in a circuit containing a small number of sources of emf, resistors, capacitors, and switches in series and/or parallel.
(S.P. 2.2, 6.4)
4.E.5.2 The student is able to make and justify a qualitative prediction of the effect of a change in values or arrangements of one or two circuit elements on currents and potential differences in a circuit containing a small number of sources of emf, resistors, capacitors, and switches in series and/or parallel.
(S.P. 6.1, 6.4)
4.E.5.3 The student is able to plan data collection strategies and perform data analysis to examine the values of currents and potential differences in an electric circuit that is modified by changing or rearranging circuit elements, including sources of emf, resistors, and capacitors.
(S.P. 2.2, 4.2, 5.1)
5.B.9.3 The student is able to apply conservation of energy (Kirchhoff’s loop rule) in calculations involving the total electric potential difference for complete circuit loops with only a single battery and resistors in series and/or in, at most, one parallel branch.
(S.P. 2.2, 6.4, 7.2)
Most circuits have more than one component, called a
resistor that limits the flow of charge in the circuit. A measure of this limit on charge flow is called
resistance . The simplest combinations of resistors are the series and parallel connections illustrated in
[link] . The total resistance of a combination of resistors depends on both their individual values and how they are connected.
Resistors in series
When are resistors in
series ? Resistors are in series whenever the flow of charge, called the
current , must flow through devices sequentially. For example, if current flows through a person holding a screwdriver and into the Earth, then
in
[link] (a) could be the resistance of the screwdriver’s shaft,
the resistance of its handle,
the person’s body resistance, and
the resistance of her shoes.
[link] shows resistors in series connected to a
voltage source. It seems reasonable that the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances, considering that the current has to pass through each resistor in sequence. (This fact would be an advantage to a person wishing to avoid an electrical shock, who could reduce the current by wearing high-resistance rubber-soled shoes. It could be a disadvantage if one of the resistances were a faulty high-resistance cord to an appliance that would reduce the operating current.)
The lymphatic system plays several crucial roles in the human body, functioning as a key component of the immune system and contributing to the maintenance of fluid balance. Its main functions include:
1. Immune Response: The lymphatic system produces and transports lymphocytes, which are a type of
asegid
to transport fluids fats proteins and lymphocytes to the blood stream as lymph
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, while physiology is the study of the function of the body. Anatomy looks at the body's organs and systems, while physiology looks at how those organs and systems work together to keep the body functioning.
Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies. Enzymes are essential for digestion, liver function and much more. Too much or too little of a certain enzyme can cause health problems
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how does the stomach protect itself from the damaging effects of HCl
the normal temperature is 37°c or 98.6 °Fahrenheit is important for maintaining the homeostasis in the body
the body regular this temperature through the process called thermoregulation which involves brain skin muscle and other organ working together to maintain stable internal temperature