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Sosiale wetenskappe: aardrykskunde

Graad 6

Klimaat en plantegroeistreke van die wêreld

Module 9

Die hoofbiome

1. Die Hoofbiome (Plantegroeistreke)

  • Die plantegroei van die wêreld is in vyf groot biome verdeel:
  1. Die Woudbioom
  • Tropiese woude.
  • Gematigde woude.
  • Bladwisselende woude.
  • Naaldwoude.
  • Mediterreense woude (Sclerophyll-bosse)
  • Savannebioom
  • Grasveldbioom
  • Woestynbioom
  • Toendra en ysveldbioom

Onthou!

Op talle plekke op aarde is die oorspronklike omgewing reeds gewysig of vernietig deur die mens.

2. Oppervlakverdeling van verskillende biome

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om ‘n sirkelgrafiek te teken en die biome se omvang daarop voor te stel

[lu 1.5]

Gebruik die tabel as verwysing.

Hoofbiome van die wêreld
Bioom Oppervlakte(miljoene km 2 ) Persentasie
Woude 52,3 40,1
Savanne 21,8 16,7
Grasvelde 8,8 6,8
Woestyne 33,8 25,9
Toendra 13,7 10,5

Teken ‘n sirkelgrafiek en dui daarop aan watter deel (segment) van die hele sirkel (360 o ) elke bioom beslaan. Gebruik die persentasie van elke bioom om dit te bepaal. Gebruik ‘n gradeboog om elke bioom as ‘n sektor van die sirkel in te teken.

My sirkelgrafiek van die verskillende biome van die wêreld

Bereken die segment in grade soos volg:

Woude : 40 , 1 100 size 12{ { {"40",1} over {"100"} } } {} × 360 1 size 12{ { {"360"} over {1} } } {} = 144,36 o
Savanne :
Grasvelde :
Woestyne :
Toendra en ysvlaktes :
  • Watter bioom bedek die grootste oppervlakte?
  • Watter bioom bedek die kleinste oppervlakte?

DIE WOUDBIOOM

  • ‘n Woud is ‘n groot stuk grond wat natuurlik met bome bedek is. In sekere woude sluit die hoë boomkruine dig teen mekaar aan en verhoed dat die sonstrale tot op die grond kan deurdring. Op ander plekke is die bome wyer uitmekaar en sonlig word gedeeltelik deurgelaat.
  • Die belangrikste van die soorte woude is die tropiese reënwoud . Hierdie woude word naby die ewenaar (in die trope) gevind waar dit die hele jaar warm is, met ‘n baie hoë reënval. Die meeste van die soorte bome in die tropiese reënwoude is breëblaar-, immergroen bome. Ons vind ook baie soorte palms en varings hier. Daar woon relatief min mense in tropiese reënwoude, omdat die plantegroei so dig is dat dit moeilik is om in die woude te beweeg.
  • In die bladwisselende woude met boomsoorte soos eik, okkerneut, wilg en populier, verloor die bome hul blare gedurende die winterseisoen, terwyl gematigde immergroen woude in gebiede met reën dwarsdeur die jaar byvoorbeeld baie dennebome het wat as gevolg van die feit dat hul dennebolle dra, boldraende (keëldraende) bome genoem word. In hierdie tipe woude vind ons baie verskillende soorte insekte, reptiele, spinnekoppe en voëls. Die bladwisselende en gematigde woude kom voor in gebiede wat van die digsbevolkte in die wêreld is (Noord-Amerika, Europa en Asië). Deur die eeue was mense nog altyd afhanklik van woude vir skuiling, kos, hout vir huise, wapens en energie.

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om die uitwerking van digte bevolking op natuurlike woude te bespreek

[lu 1.1]

Bespreek in julle groepe die uitwerking wat die digte bevolking op die natuurlike woude kan hê en hoe die natuur beskerm kan word. Skryf ‘n kort verslag na aanleiding van jou groep se bevinding.

Naaldwoude kom hoofsaaklik tussen 50°N en 70°N voor en is aangepas om die lang, koue winters en kort somers te oorleef.

Questions & Answers

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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 6. OpenStax CNX. Sep 07, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10999/1.1
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