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Funksies van die vorm y = a x 2 + q

Die algemene vorm en posisie van die grafiek van die funksie in die vorm f ( x ) = a x 2 + q , wat ons 'n parabool noem, word gewys in [link] . Hierdie is paraboliese funksies.

Grafiek van f ( x ) = x 2 - 1

Ondersoek: funksies van die vorm y = a x 2 + q

  1. Trek die volgende grafieke op dieselfde assestelsel:
    1. a ( x ) = - 2 . x 2 + 1
    2. b ( x ) = - 1 . x 2 + 1
    3. c ( x ) = 0 . x 2 + 1
    4. d ( x ) = 1 . x 2 + 1
    5. e ( x ) = 2 . x 2 + 1
    Gebruik jou resultate om die invloed van a af te lei.
  2. Trek die volgende grafieke op dieselfde assestelsel:
    1. f ( x ) = x 2 - 2
    2. g ( x ) = x 2 - 1
    3. h ( x ) = x 2 + 0
    4. j ( x ) = x 2 + 1
    5. k ( x ) = x 2 + 2
    Gebruik jou resultate om die invloed van q af te lei.

Voltooi die volgende tabel van funksiewaardes vir die funksies a tot k om jouself te help met die trek van die bogenoemde grafieke:

x - 2 - 1 0 1 2
a ( x )
b ( x )
c ( x )
d ( x )
e ( x )
f ( x )
g ( x )
h ( x )
j ( x )
k ( x )

Hierdie simulasie laat jou toe om die invloed van veranderende a- en q-waardes te visualiseer. In die simulasie is q=c. 'n Ekstra term, bx, is ook bygesit. Jy kan dit los as 0, of jy kan die kyk wat die invloed van bx op die grafiek is.

Phet simulasie vir die trek van grafieke

Van jou grafieke behoort jy agter te kom dat a bepaal of die grafiek "glimlag" of "frons". Indien a < 0 sal die grafiek frons en indien a > 0 glimlag die grafiek. Dit word geïllustreer in [link] .

Kenmerkende vorms van parabole indien a > 0 of a < 0

Jy behoort ook te vind dat die waarde van q beïnvloed of the draaipunt bokant die y -as ( q > 0 )of onderkant die y -as ( q < 0 ) sal wees.

Hierdie verskillende eienskappe word opgesom in [link] .

Die algemene vorms en posisies van funksies van die vorm y = a x 2 + q
a > 0 a < 0
q > 0
q < 0

Definisieversameling en waardeversameling

Vir f ( x ) = a x 2 + q , is die definisieversameling { x : x R } , omdat daar nie 'n waarde is van x R waarvoor f ( x ) ongedefinieërd is nie.

Die waardeversameling van f ( x ) = a x 2 + q hang af of die waarde van a positief of negatief is. Ons sal die twee gevalle afsonderlik hanteer.

Indien a > 0 dan het ons:

x 2 0 ( die kwadraat van 'n uitdrukking is altyd positief ) a x 2 0 ( vermenigvuldiging met a, 'n positiewe getal, behou die volgorde van die ongelykheid ) a x 2 + q q f ( x ) q

Dit sê vir ons dat vir alle waardes van x , is f ( x ) altyd groter as q . Dus indien a > 0 , is die waardeversameling van f ( x ) = a x 2 + q , gelyk aan { f ( x ) : f ( x ) [ q , ) } .

Soortgelyk, kan ons aantoon indien a < 0 is die waardeversameling van f ( x ) = a x 2 + q { f ( x ) : f ( x ) ( - , q ] } . Dit word gelos vir 'n oefening.

Byvoorbeeld, die gebied van g ( x ) = x 2 + 2 is { x : x R } want daar is geen waarde van x R waarvoor g ( x ) ongedefinieërd is nie. Die terrein van g ( x ) kan as volg bereken word:

x 2 0 x 2 + 2 2 g ( x ) 2

Dus die waardeversameling is gelyk aan { g ( x ) : g ( x ) [ 2 , ) } .

Afsnitte

Vir die funksie van die vorm, y = a x 2 + q , is die stappe vir die berekening van die afsnitte met die x - en y -as hieronder uiteengesit.

Die y -afsnit word as volg bereken:

y = a x 2 + q y afsnit = a ( 0 ) 2 + q = q

Byvoorbeeld, die y -afsnit van g ( x ) = x 2 + 2 word verkry deur x = 0 te stel, en dan:

y = a x 2 + q 0 = a x afsnit 2 + q a x afsnit 2 = - q x afsnit = ± - q a

Indien q = 0 het ons slegs een afsnit by x = 0 .

g ( x ) = x 2 + 2 0 = x afsnit 2 + 2 - 2 = x afsnit 2

Maar, [link] is slegs geldig as - q a 0 wat beteken dat óf q 0 óf a < 0 . Dit stem ooreen met wat ons verwag, omdat indien q > 0 en a > 0 dan is - q a negatief en in hierdie geval lê die grafiek bo die x -as en sny dus nie die x -as nie. Indien, q > 0 en a < 0 , dan is - q a positief en die grafiek is in die vorm van 'n frons en sal dan twee x -afsnitte hê. Soorgelyk, indien q < 0 en a > 0 sal - q a ook positief wees, en sal die grafiek die x -as sny.

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Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 10) [caps]. OpenStax CNX. Aug 04, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11328/1.4
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