U.s. history

OpenStax

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0.1 About openstax

0.2 About openstax’s resources

0.3 Customization

0.5 About U.S. History

0.6 Coverage and scope

0.7 Pedagogical foundation

0.8 Questions for each level of learning

0.9 About our team

0.10 Senior contributing authors

0.12 Ancillaries

1 The declaration of independence

2 The constitution of the united states

3 Presidents of the united states of america

4 U.s. political map

5 U.s. topographical map

6 United states population chart

7 Further reading

The americas, europe, and africa before 1492

2 Europe on the brink of change

3 West africa and the role of slavery

Early globalization: the atlantic world, 1492–1650

1 Portuguese exploration and spanish conquest

2 Religious upheavals in the developing atlantic world

3 Challenges to spain’s supremacy

3.1 English exploration

3.2 French exploration

3.3 Dutch colonization

3.4 Section summary

4 New worlds in the americas: labor, commerce, and the columbian exchange

Creating new social orders: colonial societies, 1500–1700

1 Spanish exploration and colonial society

2 Colonial rivalries: dutch and french colonial ambitions

3 English settlements in america

4 The impact of colonization

4.1 The institution of slavery

4.2 Changes to indian life

4.3 Environmental changes

4.4 The introduction of disease

4.5 The cultivation of plants

4.6 Section summary

Rule britannia! the english empire, 1660–1763

1 Charles ii and the restoration colonies

2 The glorious revolution and the english empire

3 An empire of slavery and the consumer revolution

4 Great awakening and enlightenment

5 Wars for empire

Imperial reforms and colonial protests, 1763-1774

1 Confronting the national debt: the aftermath of the french and indian

2 The stamp act and the sons and daughters of liberty

3 The townshend acts and colonial protest

4 The destruction of the tea and the coercive acts

5 Disaffection: the first continental congress and american identity

America's war for independence, 1775-1783

1 Britain’s law-and-order strategy and its consequences

1.1 On the eve of revolution

1.2 The outbreak of fighting

1.3 Common sense

1.4 The declaration of independence

1.5 Section summary

2 The early years of the revolution

3 War in the south

3.1 Georgia and south carolina

3.3 The treaty of paris

3.4 Section summary

4 Identity during the american revolution

Creating republican governments, 1776–1790

1 Common sense: from monarchy to an american republic

1.1 Republicanism as a political philosophy

1.3 Section summary

2 How much revolutionary change?

3 Debating democracy

4 The constitutional convention and federal constitution

Growing pains: the new republic, 1790–1820

1 Competing visions: federalists and democratic-republicans

2 The new american republic

3 Partisan politics

4 The united states goes back to war

Industrial transformation in the north, 1800–1850

1 Early industrialization in the northeast

2 A vibrant capitalist republic

3 On the move: the transportation revolution

4 A new social order: class divisions

Jacksonian democracy, 1820–1840

1 A new political style: from john quincy adams to andrew jackson

2 The rise of american democracy

3 The nullification crisis and the bank war

4 Indian removal

4.1 Indians in popular culture

4.2 The indian removal act

4.3 Black hawk’s war

4.4 Section summary

5 The tyranny and triumph of the majority

A nation on the move: westward expansion, 1800–1860

1 Lewis and clark

2 The missouri crisis

3 Independence for texas

3.1 American settlers move to texas

3.2 The texas war for independence

3.3 Remember the alamo!

3.4 The lone star republic

3.5 Section summary

4 The mexican-american war, 1846–1848

5 Free soil or slave? the dilemma of the west

Cotton is king: the antebellum south, 1800–1860

1 The economics of cotton

2 African americans in the antebellum united states

2.1 Life as a slave

2.2 The free black population

2.3 Slave revolts

2.4 Slave markets

2.5 Section summary

3 Wealth and culture in the south

3.1 Slavery and the white class structure

3.2 Honor in the south

3.3 Gender and the southern household

3.4 Defending slavery

3.5 Section summary

4 The filibuster and the quest for new slave states

4.1 Section summary

Antebellum idealism and reform impulses, 1820–1860

1 An awakening of religion and individualism

2 Antebellum communal experiments

3 Reforms to human health

4 Addressing slavery

5 Women’s rights

Troubled times: the tumultuous 1850s

1 The compromise of 1850

1.1 Brokering the compromise

1.2 The fugitive slave act and its consequences

1.3 Section summary

2 The kansas-nebraska act and the republican party

3 The dred scott decision and sectional strife

4 John brown and the election of 1860

The civil war, 1860–1865

1 The origins and outbreak of the civil war

2 Early mobilization and war

3 1863: the changing nature of the war

3.1 Mass mobilization

3.2 Confederate mobilization

3.3 Union mobilization

3.4 Women’s mobilization

3.5 Emancipation

3.6 Union advances

3.7 Section summary

4 The union triumphant

4.1 The relationship with europe

4.2 African american soldiers

4.3 The campaigns of 1864 and 1865

4.4 The election of 1864

4.5 The war ends

4.6 Section summary

The era of reconstruction, 1865–1877

1 Restoring the union

1.1 The president’s plan

1.2 The thirteenth amendment

1.3 Andrew johnson and the battle over reconstruction

1.4 Section summary

2 Congress and the remaking of the south, 1865–1866

3 Radical reconstruction, 1867–1872

4 The collapse of reconstruction

4.1 Building black communities

4.2 Sharecropping

4.3 The “invisible empire of the south”

4.4 “redeemers” and the end of reconstruction

4.5 The contested election of 1876

4.6 Section summary

Go west young man! westward expansion, 1840-1900

1 The westward spirit

2 Homesteading: dreams and realities

3 Making a living in gold and cattle

4 The loss of american indian life and culture

4.1 Claiming land, relocating landowners

4.2 American indian submission

4.3 Americanization

4.4 Section summary

5 The impact of expansion on chinese immigrants and hispanic citizens

5.1 Chinese immigrants in the american west

5.2 Hispanic americans in the american west

5.3 Section summary

Industrialization and the rise of big business, 1870-1900

1 Inventors of the age

2 From invention to industrial growth

3 Building industrial america on the backs of labor

4 A new american consumer culture

The growing pains of urbanization, 1870-1900

1 Urbanization and its challenges

2 The african american “great migration” and new european immigration

3 Relief from the chaos of urban life

4 Change reflected in thought and writing

Politics in the gilded age, 1870-1900

1 Political corruption in postbellum america

2 The key political issues: patronage, tariffs, and gold

3 Farmers revolt in the populist era

4 Social and labor unrest in the 1890s

4.1 From farmers’ hardships to a national depression

4.2 The election of 1896

4.3 Section summary

Leading the way: the progressive movement, 1890-1920

1 The origins of the progressive spirit in america

2 Progressivism at the grassroots level

3 New voices for women and african americans

3.1 Leaders emerge in the women’s movement

3.2 Leaders emerge in the early civil rights movement

3.3 Section summary

4 Progressivism in the white house

Age of empire: american foreign policy, 1890-1914

1 Turner, mahan, and the roots of empire

1.1 America’s limited but aggressive push outward

1.3 Turner, mahan, and the plan for empire

1.4 Section summary

2 The spanish-american war and overseas empire

2.1 The challenge of declaring war

2.2 War: brief and decisive

2.3 Establishing peace and creating an empire

2.4 Section summary

3 Economic imperialism in east asia

4 Roosevelt’s “big stick” foreign policy

5 Taft’s “dollar diplomacy”

Americans and the great war, 1914-1919

1 American isolationism and the european origins of war

2 The united states prepares for war

3 A new home front

3.1 New opportunities born from war

3.2 Women in wartime

3.3 African americans in the crusade for democracy

3.4 The last vestiges of progressivism

3.5 Section summary

4 From war to peace

4.1 Winning the war

4.2 The battle for peace

4.3 The paris peace conference

4.4 Ratification of the treaty of versailles

4.5 Section summary

5 Demobilization and its difficult aftermath

5.1 Disorder and fear in america

5.2 A return to normalcy

5.3 Section summary

The jazz age: redefining the nation, 1919-1929

1 Prosperity and the production of popular entertainment

2 Transformation and backlash

2.2 The ku klux klan

2.3 Faith, fundamentalism, and science

2.4 Section summary

3 A new generation

4 Republican ascendancy: politics in the 1920s

4.1 Warren harding and the return to normalcy

4.2 A man of few words

4.3 The election of 1928

4.4 Section summary

Brother, can you spare a dime? the great depression, 1929-1932

1 The stock market crash of 1929

1.1 The early days of hoover’s presidency

1.2 The great crash

1.3 What was the crash?

1.4 Causes of the crash

1.5 In the aftermath of the crash

1.6 The new reality for americans

1.7 Section summary

2 President hoover’s response

3 The depths of the great depression

4 Assessing the hoover years on the eve of the new deal

Franklin roosevelt and the new deal, 1932-1941

1 The rise of franklin roosevelt

2 The first new deal

3 The second new deal

Fighting the good fight in world war ii, 1941-1945

1 The origins of war: europe, asia, and the united states

1.2 The march toward war

1.3 Totalitarianism in europe

1.5 From neutrality to engagement

1.6 War begins in europe

1.7 The atlantic charter

1.8 A date which will live in infamy

1.9 Section summary

2 The home front

2.1 Mobilizing a nation

2.2 Employment and migration patterns in the united states

2.3 Women in the war: rosie the riveter and beyond

2.4 The culture of war: entertainers and the war effort

2.6 African americans and double v

2.7 The zoot suit riots

2.9 Section summary

3 Victory in the european theater

4 The pacific theater and the atomic bomb

4.1 The pacific campaign

4.2 Dropping the atomic bomb

4.3 The war ends

4.4 Section summary

Post-war prosperity and cold war fears, 1945-1960

1 The challenges of peacetime

2.1 From isolationism to engagement

2.2 Containment abroad

2.3 The truman doctrine

2.4 The marshall plan

2.5 Showdown in europe

2.6 Containment at home

2.7 To the trenches again

2.8 Section summary

3 The american dream

4 Popular culture and mass media

4.1 Rocking around the clock

4.2 Hollywood on the defensive

4.3 The triumph of television

4.4 Section summary

5 The african american struggle for civil rights

Contesting futures: america in the 1960s

1 The kennedy promise

2 Lyndon johnson and the great society

2.1 The great society

2.2 Johnson’s commitment to civil rights

2.3 Increased commitment in vietnam

2.4 The end of the great society

2.5 Section summary

3 The civil rights movement marches on

4 Challenging the status quo

Political storms at home and abroad, 1968-1980

1 Identity politics in a fractured society

2 Coming apart, coming together

3 Vietnam: the downward spiral

4 Watergate: nixon’s domestic nightmare

4.1 The election of 1972

4.2 High crimes and misdemeanors

4.3 The watergate crisis

4.4 Ford not a lincoln

4.5 Section summary

5 Jimmy carter in the aftermath of the storm

From cold war to culture wars, 1980-2000

1 The reagan revolution

2 Political and cultural fusions

2.1 Creating conservative policy

2.2 Conservative christians and family values

2.3 The aids crisis

2.4 The war on drugs and the road to mass incarceration

2.5 Section summary

3 A new world order

3.1 The middle east and central america

3.2 The cold war waxes and wanes

3.3 “no new taxes”

3.4 American global power in the wake of the cold war

3.5 A changing domestic landscape

3.6 Section summary

4 Bill clinton and the new economy

The challenges of the twenty-first century

1 The war on terror

2 The domestic mission

2.1 Opening and closing the gap

2.2 The 2004 election and bush’s second term

2.4 A failed domestic agenda

2.5 Hurricane katrina

2.6 The great recession

2.7 Banks gone wild

2.8 Banks gone broke

2.9 Section summary

3 New century, old disputes

3.1 Who is an american?

3.2 What is a marriage?

3.3 Why fight climate change?

3.4 Section summary

4 Hope and change

Source: OpenStax, U.s. history. OpenStax CNX. Jan 12, 2015 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3

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