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NATUURWETENSKAPPE

Ekosisteem en omgewingsbalans

Opvoeders afdeling

Memorandum

Opdrag 15:

1 Plante en diere gaan dood

2 Plante en diere produseer afvalmateriaal

3 Ontbinders breek die afvalmateriaal af en gebruik sommige dele as voedsel

4 Ander dele word afgebreek as chemikalieë en weer vrygestel in die lug of grond

5 Die chemikalieë word weer deur ander plante geabsorbeer en opgeneem in voedselketting.

LEERKRAG AFDELING

Inhoud

Aktiwiteit: om die belangrike rol wat plante in die ekosisteem vervul, te bestudeer [lu 1.2, lu 2.3]

Plante (produseerders) gebruik eenvoudig nie-lewende materiaal (water, sonlig, kooldioksied en minerale) om hul eie voedsel te vervaardig. Die proses word fotosintese genoem, maar jy sal meer daarvan in die volgende module leer. Suurstof word terselfdertyd vrygestel.

Ontwerp nog twee voedselkettings met plante as die produseerders.

(a) Die rol van swamme in die ekosisteem

Swamme staan bekend as die “arm” familie van die planteryk omdat hulle geen groen kleurstof bevat nie. Die groen kleurstof, chlorofil, stel groen plante in staat om self kos te vervaardig uit koolsuurgas en water. Groen plante staan dus op hulle eie voete en is van geen ander lewende wese afhanklik vir kos nie. Swamme en bakterieë, daarenteen, is dus net so afhanklik soos diere van die kos wat groen plante vir hulle moet berei.

Wanneer ‘n plant of ‘n dier doodgaan, gaan die opgebergde energie nie verlore nie. Mikroskopiese swamme en bakterieë teer op hul liggame en breek dit in die proses af. Sodoende word dit weer deel van die grond. Hierdie plante word ontbinders genoem, weens hulle unieke rol in die natuur.

Opdrag 15

Bestudeer die volgende diagrammatiese voorstelling oor die ontbindingsproses. Dit demonstreer hoe dooie organismes afgebreek en deur ontbinders hersirkuleer word. Gebruik nou die byskrifte wat volg en skryf hulle op die korrekte plekke in. Die byskrifte is nie in volgorde nie:

  • Plante en diere produseer afvalmateriaal, bv. blare.
  • Ontbinders breek die afvalmateriaal af en gebruik sommige dele as voedsel.
  • Ander dele word afgebreek as chemikalieë en weer vrygestel in die lug of grond.
  • Plante en diere gaan dood.
  • Die chemikalieë word weer deur ander plante geabsorbeer en weer opgeneem in die voedselketting.

(i) Struktuur van die Swamplant

Die swamplant self bestaan uit vertakte drade wat soms in vakkies verdeel is, bv. broodskimmel, of soms saamgevleg is tot ‘n groot, vaste liggaam, bv. sampioene. Baie swamme is eetbaar, maar daar is ook soorte wat uiters giftig is. Dit is veiliger om maar net die welbekende sampioene te eet. Die sampioen word as ‘n klein, ronde wit knopie deur die grond opgestoot. Dit word groter en rek uit op ‘n steel en gaan uiteindelik oop soos ‘n sambreel.

Onder die sambreel straal die sporeplaatjies in ‘n kring om die steel uit. In regte sampioene is die sporeplaatjies rooskleurig as hulle jonk is en swartbruin as hulle volwasse is. Geeneen van die giftige paddastoele het hierdie kleur nie, dus is die kleur die beste aanduiding of dit ‘n giftige paddastoel of ‘n eetbare sampioen is. ‘n Mens moet nooit ‘n paddastoel eet wat baie na ‘n sampioen lyk, maar wit plaatjies het nie, want dit kan mens se dood veroorsaak.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 6. OpenStax CNX. Sep 17, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11080/1.1
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