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  • Veral wat watertekorte betref, is daar ’n wye reeks aanpassings en oorlewingstrategieë.
  • Xerofiete blare is gemodifiseer tot dorings in gevalle soos die kaktusplantgroepe. Ander stoor weer deur proteïenbindings baie water in hul vlesige blare, soos die aalwyn waaroor jy ’n projek moes doen.
  • Meestal is xerofiete se blare dik en vlesig en onaangenaam of bitter vir diere sodat dit nie deur hulle opgevreet word en so die plant van sy waardevolle vog ontneem nie.
  • Plante wat vir oorlewing in droë toestande aangepas is, se blare is dikwels sittend (geen blaarsteel) en op so ’n manier gerangskik dat water wat op die blaar versamel (bv. dou) teen die stam afloop sodat die wortels dit kan opneem.
  • Ander se blare rol op as dit droog is, sodat verdamping beperk word. Kyk bv. na mielieblare as dit vir ’n lang tyd nie gereën het nie.

Ontwerp jou eie xerofiet

  • Maak ’n skets om die aanpassings te toon indien jy die ontwerp sou doen.

Assessering van ONTWERP

Kon jy ’n sinvolle ONTWERP met logiese aanpassings TEKEN? [LU 1.3]

Diere:

By diere, anders as by plante, vind ons beide struktuurmodifikasies, asook gedrags­aanpassings om watertekorte die hoof te kan bied. Die meeste aan­passings is daarop gerig om waterverlies te beperk sodat die dier minder water hoef in te neem. In sommige gevalle het die dier ’n meganisme ontwikkel om water te kan stoor.

Voorbeelde van struktuuraanpassings

  • Huidbedekking
  • Insekte en spinnekoppe het ’n plastiek- of leeragtige huidbedekking (uitwendige skelet) wat geen water deurlaat nie. Dit beperk hulle behoefte aan water in so ’n mate dat die vog wat hulle saam met hul voedsel inneem, voldoende is.
  • Die vel van reptiele is ook aangepas om waterverlies tot die minimum te beperk. By ander diere waar die vel weens ander redes vogtig moet wees, is daar mega­nismes om onnodige waterverlies te voorkom. By paddas kan daar byvoorbeeld slym afgeskei word.
  • By voëls is daar ’n oliekliertjie op die punt van die stert wat olie afskei wat oor die hele liggaam versprei en die vere redelik waterdig maak (jy het miskien al gesien dat jou ma die kliertjie by ’n hoender uitsny voordat sy dit in die oond sit).
  • By soogdiere kan die vel aangepas wees om waterverlies tot die minimum te be­perk. Honde sweet byvoorbeeld deur hulle tong en baie min deur hulle vel. Dit is hoekom hulle hyg as hulle warm kry.
  • Inwendige aanpassings
  • Diere se spysverteringstelsels en uitskeidingstelsels is ook aangepas om water­verlies te kan reguleer. In die dikderm word byvoorbeeld baie van die water wat nog in die voedselreste teenwoordig is deur die liggaam opgeneem voordat ont­lasting plaasvind. Die niere, op hulle beurt, bepaal hoeveel water na die blaas deur­gelaat word om uitgeskei te word.
  • Die kameel is spesiaal aangepas om vir lang tye te kan oorleef sonder om water te moet inneem, deurdat water in die vorm van ’n chemiese verbinding in die boggel gestoor word en vrygestel kan word wanneer nodig.

Voorbeelde van gedragspatrone

  • Verdamping van water is ’n algemene afkoelingsmeganisme by diere. Dit is vir die mens byvoorbeeld belangrik om te kan sweet sodat die verdamping van die sweet kan voorkom dat die liggaamstemperatuur te veel styg, hetsy omdat dit baie warm is of weens strawwe oefening. Diere openbaar dus dikwels gedragspatrone waar­deur die liggaam koel gehou word sodat afkoeling deur ander meganismes, soos bv. sweet, nie nodig is nie. Hulle kan byvoorbeeld skaduwee opsoek, tonnels gra­we, onder die sand lê, bedags onaktief wees of selfs migreer of in ’n somerslaap gaan.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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