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CoO ( s ) + 2HNO 3 ( a q ) Co ( NO 3 ) 2 ( a q ) + H 2 O ( l )
Sc 2 O 3 ( s ) + 6HCl ( a q ) 2ScCl 3 ( a q ) + 3H 2 O ( l )

The oxides of metals with oxidation states of 4+ are amphoteric, and most are not soluble in either acids or bases. Vanadium(V) oxide, chromium(VI) oxide, and manganese(VII) oxide are acidic. They react with solutions of hydroxides to form salts of the oxyanions VO 4 3− , CrO 4 2− , and MnO 4 . For example, the complete ionic equation for the reaction of chromium(VI) oxide with a strong base is given by:

CrO 3 ( s ) + 2Na + ( a q ) + 2OH ( a q ) 2Na + ( a q ) + CrO 4 2− ( a q ) + H 2 O ( l )

Chromium(VI) oxide and manganese(VII) oxide react with water to form the acids H 2 CrO 4 and HMnO 4 , respectively.

Hydroxides

When a soluble hydroxide is added to an aqueous solution of a salt of a transition metal of the first transition series, a gelatinous precipitate forms. For example, adding a solution of sodium hydroxide to a solution of cobalt sulfate produces a gelatinous pink or blue precipitate of cobalt(II) hydroxide. The net ionic equation is:

Co 2+ ( a q ) + 2OH ( a q ) Co ( OH ) 2 ( s )

In this and many other cases, these precipitates are hydroxides containing the transition metal ion, hydroxide ions, and water coordinated to the transition metal. In other cases, the precipitates are hydrated oxides composed of the metal ion, oxide ions, and water of hydration:

4Fe 3+ ( a q ) + 6OH ( a q ) + n H 2 O ( l ) 2 Fe 2 O 3 · ( n + 3 ) H 2 O ( s )

These substances do not contain hydroxide ions. However, both the hydroxides and the hydrated oxides react with acids to form salts and water. When precipitating a metal from solution, it is necessary to avoid an excess of hydroxide ion, as this may lead to complex ion formation as discussed later in this chapter. The precipitated metal hydroxides can be separated for further processing or for waste disposal.

Carbonates

Many of the elements of the first transition series form insoluble carbonates. It is possible to prepare these carbonates by the addition of a soluble carbonate salt to a solution of a transition metal salt. For example, nickel carbonate can be prepared from solutions of nickel nitrate and sodium carbonate according to the following net ionic equation:

Ni 2+ ( a q ) + CO 3 2− NiCO 3 ( s )

The reactions of the transition metal carbonates are similar to those of the active metal carbonates. They react with acids to form metals salts, carbon dioxide, and water. Upon heating, they decompose, forming the transition metal oxides.

Other salts

In many respects, the chemical behavior of the elements of the first transition series is very similar to that of the main group metals. In particular, the same types of reactions that are used to prepare salts of the main group metals can be used to prepare simple ionic salts of these elements.

A variety of salts can be prepared from metals that are more active than hydrogen by reaction with the corresponding acids: Scandium metal reacts with hydrobromic acid to form a solution of scandium bromide:

2Sc ( s ) + 6HBr ( a q ) 2 ScBr 3 ( a q ) + 3H 2 ( g )

The common compounds that we have just discussed can also be used to prepare salts. The reactions involved include the reactions of oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates with acids. For example:

Questions & Answers

Discuss the differences between taste and flavor, including how other sensory inputs contribute to our  perception of flavor.
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While taste primarily relies on our taste buds, flavor involves a complex interplay between taste and aroma
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to drain extracellular fluid all over the body.
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The lymphatic system plays several crucial roles in the human body, functioning as a key component of the immune system and contributing to the maintenance of fluid balance. Its main functions include: 1. Immune Response: The lymphatic system produces and transports lymphocytes, which are a type of
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Anatomy is the identification and description of the structures of living things
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Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, while physiology is the study of the function of the body. Anatomy looks at the body's organs and systems, while physiology looks at how those organs and systems work together to keep the body functioning.
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Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies. Enzymes are essential for digestion, liver function and much more. Too much or too little of a certain enzyme can cause health problems
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it is because of the enzyme that the stomach produce that help the stomach from the damaging effect of HCL
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anaemia is the decrease in RBC count hemoglobin count and PVC count
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Organ Systems Of The Human Body (Continued) Organ Systems Of The Human Body (Continued)
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Source:  OpenStax, Chemistry. OpenStax CNX. May 20, 2015 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11760/1.9
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