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- Brønsted-lowry acids and bases
The ion product of water,
K
w is the equilibrium constant for the autoionization reaction:
Key equations
-
K
w = [H
3 O
+ ][OH
− ] = 1.0
10
−14 (at 25 °C)
Chemistry end of chapter exercises
Write equations that show NH
3 as both a conjugate acid and a conjugate base.
One example for NH
3 as a conjugate acid:
as a conjugate base:
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Show by suitable net ionic equations that each of the following species can act as a Brønsted-Lowry acid:
(a)
(b) HCl
(c) NH
3
(d) CH
3 CO
2 H
(e)
(f)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
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Show by suitable net ionic equations that each of the following species can act as a Brønsted-Lowry acid:
(a) HNO
3
(b)
(c) H
2 S
(d) CH
3 CH
2 COOH
(e)
(f) HS
−
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Show by suitable net ionic equations that each of the following species can act as a Brønsted-Lowry base:
(a) H
2 O
(b) OH
−
(c) NH
3
(d) CN
−
(e) S
2−
(f)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
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Show by suitable net ionic equations that each of the following species can act as a Brønsted-Lowry base:
(a) HS
−
(b)
(c)
(d) C
2 H
5 OH
(e) O
2−
(f)
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What is the conjugate acid of each of the following? What is the conjugate base of each?
(a) OH
−
(b) H
2 O
(c)
(d) NH
3
(e)
(f) H
2 O
2
(g) HS
−
(h)
(a) H
2 O, O
2− ; (b) H
3 O
+ , OH
− ; (c) H
2 CO
3 ,
(d)
(e) H
2 SO
4 ,
(f)
(g) H
2 S; S
2− ; (h)
H
4 N
2
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What is the conjugate acid of each of the following? What is the conjugate base of each?
(a) H
2 S
(b)
(c) PH
3
(d) HS
−
(e)
(f)
(g) H
4 N
2
(h) CH
3 OH
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Identify and label the Brønsted-Lowry acid, its conjugate base, the Brønsted-Lowry base, and its conjugate acid in each of the following equations:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
The labels are Brønsted-Lowry acid = BA; its conjugate base = CB; Brønsted-Lowry base = BB; its conjugate acid = CA. (a) HNO
3 (BA), H
2 O(BB), H
3 O
+ (CA),
(b) CN
− (BB), H
2 O(BA), HCN(CA), OH
− (CB); (c) H
2 SO
4 (BA), Cl
− (BB), HCl(CA),
(d)
OH
− (BB),
(CB), H
2 O(CA); (e) O
2− (BB), H
2 O(BA) OH
− (CB and CA); (f) [Cu(H
2 O)
3 (OH)]
+ (BB), [Al(H
2 O)
6 ]
3+ (BA), [Cu(H
2 O)
4 ]
2+ (CA), [Al(H
2 O)
5 (OH)]
2+ (CB); (g) H
2 S(BA),
HS
− (CB), NH
3 (CA)
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Identify and label the Brønsted-Lowry acid, its conjugate base, the Brønsted-Lowry base, and its conjugate acid in each of the following equations:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
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What are amphiprotic species? Illustrate with suitable equations.
Amphiprotic species may either gain or lose a proton in a chemical reaction, thus acting as a base or an acid. An example is H
2 O. As an acid:
As a base:
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State which of the following species are amphiprotic and write chemical equations illustrating the amphiprotic character of these species:
(a) H
2 O
(b)
(c) S
2−
(d)
(e)
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State which of the following species are amphiprotic and write chemical equations illustrating the amphiprotic character of these species.
(a) NH
3
(b)
(c) Br
−
(d)
(e)
amphiprotic: (a)
(b)
not amphiprotic: (c) Br
− ; (d)
(e)
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Questions & Answers
Ayele, K., 2003. Introductory Economics, 3rd ed., Addis Ababa.
can you send the book attached ?
Ariel
the study of how humans make choices under conditions of scarcity
AI-Robot
U(x,y) = (x×y)1/2
find mu of x for y
U(x,y) = (xÃy)1/2
find mu of x for y
Desalegn
this is the study of how the society manages it's scarce resources
Belonwu
macroeconomic is the branch of economics which studies actions, scale, activities and behaviour of the aggregate economy as a whole.
husaini
difference between firm and industry
what's the difference between a firm and an industry
Abdul
firm is the unit which transform inputs to output where as industry contain combination of firms with similar production 😅😅
Abdulraufu
Suppose the demand function that a firm faces shifted from
Qd 120 3P
to
Qd 90 3P
and the supply function has shifted from
QS
20 2P
to
QS
10 2P .
a) Find the effect of this change on price and quantity.
b) Which of the changes in demand and supply is higher?
explain standard reason why economic is a science
factors influencing supply
scares
means__________________ends
resources. unlimited
Jan
economics is a science that studies human behaviour as a relationship b/w ends and scares means which have alternative uses
Jan
calculate the profit maximizing for demand and supply
Why qualify 28 supplies
Milan
out-of-pocket costs for a firm, for example, payments for wages and salaries, rent, or materials
AI-Robot
concepts of supply in microeconomics
identify a demand and a supply curve
there's a difference
Aryan
Demand curve shows that how supply and others conditions affect on demand of a particular thing and what percent demand increase whith increase of supply of goods
Israr
Hi Sir please how do u calculate Cross elastic demand and income elastic demand?
Abari
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Source:
OpenStax, Chemistry. OpenStax CNX. May 20, 2015 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11760/1.9
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