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Question: Bowman's capsule
Choices:
cup-shaped sack lined by a simple squamous epithelium (parietal surface) and specialized cells called podocytes (visceral surface) that participate in the filtration process; receives the filtrate which then passes on to the PCTs
Question: angiotensin-converting enzyme
Choices:
(ACE) enzyme produced by the lungs that catalyzes the reaction of inactive angiotensin I into active angiotensin II
Question: angiotensin II
Choices:
protein produced by the enzymatic action of ACE on inactive angiotensin I; actively causes vasoconstriction and stimulates aldosterone release by the adrenal cortex
Question: brush border
Choices:
formed by microvilli on the surface of certain cuboidal cells; in the kidney it is found in the PCT; increases surface area for absorption in the kidney
Question: calyces
Choices:
cup-like structures receiving urine from the collecting ducts where it passes on to the renal pelvis and ureter
Question: cortical nephrons
Choices:
nephrons with loops of Henle that do not extend into the renal medulla
Question: angiotensin I
Choices:
protein produced by the enzymatic action of renin on angiotensinogen; inactive precursor of angiotensin II
Question: anatomical sphincter
Choices:
smooth or skeletal muscle surrounding the lumen of a vessel or hollow organ that can restrict flow when contracted
Question: angiotensinogen
Choices:
inactive protein in the circulation produced by the liver; precursor of angiotensin I; must be modified by the enzymes renin and ACE to be activated
Question: anuria
Choices:
absence of urine produced; production of 50 mL or less per day
Question: aquaporin
Choices:
protein-forming water channels through the lipid bilayer of the cell; allows water to cross; activation in the collecting ducts is under the control of ADH