13.1 Sequences and their notations  (Page 5/15)

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Write the first five terms of the sequence defined by the recursive formula.

Given a recursive formula with two initial terms, write the first $n$ terms of a sequence.

1. Identify the initial term, $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}{a}_{1},\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ which is given as part of the formula.
2. Identify the second term, $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}{a}_{2},\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ which is given as part of the formula.
3. To find the third term, substitute the initial term and the second term into the formula. Evaluate.
4. Repeat until you have evaluated the $n\text{th}$ term.

Writing the terms of a sequence defined by a recursive formula

Write the first six terms of the sequence defined by the recursive formula.

The first two terms are given. For each subsequent term, we replace ${a}_{n-1}$ and ${a}_{n-2}$ with the values of the two preceding terms.

$\begin{array}{lllllll}n=3\hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & {a}_{3}=3{a}_{2}+4{a}_{1}=3\left(2\right)+4\left(1\right)=10\hfill \\ n=4\hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & {a}_{4}=3{a}_{3}+4{a}_{2}=3\left(10\right)+4\left(2\right)=38\hfill \\ n=5\hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & {a}_{5}=3{a}_{4}+4{a}_{3}=3\left(38\right)+4\left(10\right)=154\hfill \\ n=6\hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & {a}_{6}=3{a}_{5}+4{a}_{4}=3\left(154\right)+4\left(38\right)=614\hfill \end{array}$

The first six terms are $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{{1,2,10,38,154,614}}\text{.}$ See [link] .

Write the first 8 terms of the sequence defined by the recursive formula.

Using factorial notation

The formulas for some sequences include products of consecutive positive integers. $n$ factorial , written as $n!,$ is the product of the positive integers from 1 to $n.$ For example,

$\begin{array}{l}4!=4\cdot 3\cdot 2\cdot 1=24\hfill \\ 5!=5\cdot 4\cdot 3\cdot 2\cdot 1=120\hfill \end{array}$

An example of formula containing a factorial is ${a}_{n}=\left(n+1\right)!.$ The sixth term of the sequence can be found by substituting 6 for $n.$

${a}_{6}=\left(6+1\right)!=7!=7·6·5·4·3·2·1=5040$

The factorial of any whole number $n$ is $n\left(n-1\right)!$ We can therefore also think of $5!$ as $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}5\cdot 4!\text{.}$

Factorial

n factorial    is a mathematical operation that can be defined using a recursive formula. The factorial of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}n,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ denoted $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}n!,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ is defined for a positive integer $n$ as:

The special case $0!$ is defined as $0!=1.$

Can factorials always be found using a calculator?

No. Factorials get large very quickly—faster than even exponential functions! When the output gets too large for the calculator, it will not be able to calculate the factorial.

Writing the terms of a sequence using factorials

Write the first five terms of the sequence defined by the explicit formula ${a}_{n}=\frac{5n}{\left(n+2\right)!}.$

Substitute $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}n=1,n=2,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and so on in the formula.

$\begin{array}{lllll}n=1\hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & {a}_{1}=\frac{5\left(1\right)}{\left(1+2\right)!}=\frac{5}{3!}=\frac{5}{3·2·1}=\frac{5}{6}\hfill \\ n=2\hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & {a}_{2}=\frac{5\left(2\right)}{\left(2+2\right)!}=\frac{10}{4!}=\frac{10}{4·3·2·1}=\frac{5}{12}\hfill \\ n=3\hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & {a}_{3}=\frac{5\left(3\right)}{\left(3+2\right)!}=\frac{15}{5!}=\frac{15}{5·4·3·2·1}=\frac{1}{8}\hfill \\ n=4\hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & {a}_{4}=\frac{5\left(4\right)}{\left(4+2\right)!}=\frac{20}{6!}=\frac{20}{6·5·4·3·2·1}=\frac{1}{36}\hfill \\ n=5\hfill & \hfill & \hfill & \hfill & {a}_{5}=\frac{5\left(5\right)}{\left(5+2\right)!}=\frac{25}{7!}=\frac{25}{7·6·5·4·3·2·1}=\frac{5}{1\text{,}008}\hfill \end{array}$

The first five terms are $\left\{\frac{5}{6},\frac{5}{12},\frac{1}{8},\frac{1}{36},\frac{5}{1,008}\right\}.$

Write the first five terms of the sequence defined by the explicit formula ${a}_{n}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)!}{2n}.$

The first five terms are

Access this online resource for additional instruction and practice with sequences.

Key equations

 Formula for a factorial

Key concepts

• A sequence is a list of numbers, called terms, written in a specific order.
• Explicit formulas define each term of a sequence using the position of the term. See [link] , [link] , and [link] .
• An explicit formula for the $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}n\text{th}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ term of a sequence can be written by analyzing the pattern of several terms. See [link] .
• Recursive formulas define each term of a sequence using previous terms.
• Recursive formulas must state the initial term, or terms, of a sequence.
• A set of terms can be written by using a recursive formula. See [link] and [link] .
• A factorial is a mathematical operation that can be defined recursively.
• The factorial of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}n\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ is the product of all integers from 1 to $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}n\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ See [link] .

Questions & Answers

find the sum of 28th term of the AP 3+10+17+---------
Prince Reply
I think you should say "28 terms" instead of "28th term"
Vedant
if sequence sn is a such that sn>0 for all n and lim sn=0than prove that lim (s1 s2............ sn) ke hole power n =n
SANDESH Reply
write down the polynomial function with root 1/3,2,-3 with solution
Gift Reply
if A and B are subspaces of V prove that (A+B)/B=A/(A-B)
Pream Reply
write down the value of each of the following in surd form a)cos(-65°) b)sin(-180°)c)tan(225°)d)tan(135°)
Oroke Reply
Prove that (sinA/1-cosA - 1-cosA/sinA) (cosA/1-sinA - 1-sinA/cosA) = 4
kiruba Reply
what is the answer to dividing negative index
Morosi Reply
In a triangle ABC prove that. (b+c)cosA+(c+a)cosB+(a+b)cisC=a+b+c.
Shivam Reply
give me the waec 2019 questions
Aaron Reply
the polar co-ordinate of the point (-1, -1)
Sumit Reply
prove the identites sin x ( 1+ tan x )+ cos x ( 1+ cot x )= sec x + cosec x
Rockstar Reply
tanh`(x-iy) =A+iB, find A and B
Pankaj Reply
B=Ai-itan(hx-hiy)
Rukmini
Give me the reciprocal of even number
Aliyu
The reciprocal of an even number is a proper fraction
Jamilu
what is the addition of 101011 with 101010
Branded Reply
If those numbers are binary, it's 1010101. If they are base 10, it's 202021.
Jack
extra power 4 minus 5 x cube + 7 x square minus 5 x + 1 equal to zero
archana Reply
the gradient function of a curve is 2x+4 and the curve passes through point (1,4) find the equation of the curve
Kc Reply

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