# 8.1 A single population mean using the normal distribution  (Page 7/20)

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“Metadata Description of Candidate Summary File.” U.S. Federal Election Commission. Available online at http://www.fec.gov/finance/disclosure/metadata/metadataforcandidatesummary.shtml (accessed July 2, 2013).

“National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm (accessed July 2, 2013).

## Chapter review

In this module, we learned how to calculate the confidence interval for a single population mean where the population standard deviation is known. When estimating a population mean, the margin of error is called the error bound for a population mean ( EBM ). A confidence interval has the general form:

(lower bound, upper bound) = (point estimate – EBM , point estimate + EBM )

The calculation of EBM depends on the size of the sample and the level of confidence desired. The confidence level is the percent of all possible samples that can be expected to include the true population parameter. As the confidence level increases, the corresponding EBM increases as well. As the sample size increases, the EBM decreases. By the central limit theorem,

$EBM=z\frac{\sigma }{\sqrt{n}}$

Given a confidence interval, you can work backwards to find the error bound ( EBM ) or the sample mean. To find the error bound, find the difference of the upper bound of the interval and the mean. If you do not know the sample mean, you can find the error bound by calculating half the difference of the upper and lower bounds. To find the sample mean given a confidence interval, find the difference of the upper bound and the error bound. If the error bound is unknown, then average the upper and lower bounds of the confidence interval to find the sample mean.

Sometimes researchers know in advance that they want to estimate a population mean within a specific margin of error for a given level of confidence. In that case, solve the EBM formula for n to discover the size of the sample that is needed to achieve this goal:

## Formula review

$\overline{X}~N\left({\mu }_{X},\frac{\sigma }{\sqrt{n}}\right)$ The distribution of sample means is normally distributed with mean equal to the population mean and standard deviation given by the population standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size.

The general form for a confidence interval for a single population mean, known standard deviation, normal distribution is given by
(lower bound, upper bound) = (point estimate – EBM , point estimate + EBM )
= $\left(\overline{x}-EBM,\overline{x}+EBM\right)$
= $\left(\overline{x}-z\frac{\sigma }{\sqrt{n}},\overline{x}+z\frac{\sigma }{\sqrt{n}}\right)$

EBM = $z\frac{\sigma }{\sqrt{n}}$ = the error bound for the mean, or the margin of error for a single population mean; this formula is used when the population standard deviation is known.

CL = confidence level, or the proportion of confidence intervals created that are expected to contain the true population parameter

α = 1 – CL = the proportion of confidence intervals that will not contain the population parameter

${z}_{\frac{\alpha }{2}}$ = the z -score with the property that the area to the right of the z-score is this is the z -score used in the calculation of "EBM where α = 1 – CL .

n = $\frac{{z}^{2}{\sigma }^{2}}{EB{M}^{2}}$ = the formula used to determine the sample size ( n ) needed to achieve a desired margin of error at a given level of confidence

where do I start
in a large restaurant an average of every 7 customers ask for water with the their meal. A random sample of 12 customers is selected, find the probability that exactly 6 ask for water with their meal
any body with idea
Rufai
conditional probability
Ramesh
Rufai
iam really sorry. it's been long since I used these things. I just gave you a hint though
Ramesh
ok
Rufai
this follows binomial distribution. p(X=6)=12C6*(0.6)^6*0.4^6 use this formula n find.
syeda
can you explain the cosidered variable in the formula
Divya
x is variable wich is exactly 6 costumers
syeda
n is number of customers
syeda
ncx*p^X*q^X?
Divya
q^n-x
syeda
oh right !!! thanks yaar
Divya
I agree with Seyda too
Hoshyar
I agree with Syeda too
Hoshyar
7/12 =0.58is it?
yousaf
.
yousaf
r8
khalid
what is descriptive statistic
Descriptive statistics are brief descriptive coefficients that summarize a given data set, which can be either a representation of the entire or a sample of a population. Descriptive statistics are broken down into measures of central tendency and measures of variability (spread).
Divya
are you getting this ?
Divya
if so let me know
Divya
yes m getting
Ramesh
fine
Divya
what's taking place can l join u
Anest
yeah !!why not? sure
Divya
okey thanks
Anest
where are statistics used
hello
Giannis
Hi
Makhosi
how u doing
Muhid
the upper quartile of the population 10,12,14,16,18,20,25,15,11,11,17,is................?
Gach
The probability range is 0 to 1... but why we take it 0 to 1....
because in probability 1 means success and 0 means failure and it cnnt be more or less than 1 and 0.
syeda
b/c v hv mazimum probibliy 1 and minimum which is.no.probiblity is 0.so.v hv the range from 0 to 1
khalid
the size of a set is greeter than its subset
Hoshyar
The probability of an event will not be less than 0.  This is because 0 is impossible (sure that something will not happen).The probability of an event will not be more than 1. This is because 1 is certain that something will happen
Divya
what do they mean in a question when you are asked to find P40 and P88
Mani
hi
Mehri
you're asked to find page 40 and page 88 on that particular book.
Joseph
hi
ravi
any suggestions for statistics app better than this
ravi
sorry miss wrote the question
omar
No problem) By the way. I NEED a program For statistical data analysis. Any suggestion?
Mani
Eviews will help u
Hello
Okonkwo
arey there any data analyst and working on sas statistical model building
ravi
Hi guys ,actually I have dicovered that the P40 and P88 means finding the 40th and 88th percentiles 😌..
Megrina
who can explain the euclidian distance
ravi
I am fresh student of statistics (BS) plz guide me best app or best website relative to stat topics
Noman
IMAGESNEWSVIDEOS A Dictionary of Computing. measures of location Quantities that represent the average or typical value of a random variable (compare measures of variation). They are either properties of a probability distribution or computed statistics of a sample. Three important measures are the mean, median, and mode.
define the measures of location
IMAGESNEWSVIDEOS A Dictionary of Computing. measures of location Quantities that represent the average or typical value of a random variable (compare measures of variation). They are either properties of a probability distribution or computed statistics of a sample. Three important measures are th
Ahmed
hi i have a question....
what is confidence interval estimate and its formula in getting it
discuss the roles of vital and health statistic in the planning of health service of the community
given that the probability of
BITRUS
good morning
Rufai
hi bitrus.
Bratit
hi
yousaf
hallo
Bratit
hey
Divya
uses in health policy and health research
Divya
1) social inequalities I health 2) Trends in mortality
Divya
hey do you know any about any of the statistics courses which is best ?
Divya
hello
Hoshyar
hi
Hoshyar
online courses and convenient fees
Divya
can man city win Liverpool ?
There are two coins on a table. When both are flipped, one coin land on heads eith probability 0.5 while the other lands on head with probability 0.6. A coin is randomly selected from the table and flipped. (a) what is probability it lands on heads? (b) given that it lands on tail, what is the Condi
0.5*0.5+0.5*0.6
Ravasz
It should be a Machine learning terms。
Mok
it is a term used in linear regression
Saurav
what are the differences between standard deviation and variancs?
Enhance
what is statistics
statistics is the collection and interpretation of data
Enhance
the science of summarization and description of numerical facts
Enhance
Is the estimation of probability
Zaini
mr. zaini..can u tell me more clearly how to calculated pair t test
Haai
do you have MG Akarwal Statistics' book Zaini?
Enhance
Haai how r u?
Enhance
maybe .... mathematics is the science of simplification and statistics is the interpretation of such values and its implications.
Miguel
can we discuss about pair test
Haai