# 8.3 A population proportion  (Page 5/24)

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The Field Poll. Available online at http://field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/ (accessed July 2, 2013).

Zogby. “New SUNYIT/Zogby Analytics Poll: Few Americans Worry about Emergency Situations Occurring in Their Community; Only one in three have an Emergency Plan; 70% Support Infrastructure ‘Investment’ for National Security.” Zogby Analytics, 2013. Available online at http://www.zogbyanalytics.com/news/299-americans-neither-worried-nor-prepared-in-case-of-a-disaster-sunyit-zogby-analytics-poll (accessed July 2, 2013).

“52% Say Big-Time College Athletics Corrupt Education Process.” Rasmussen Reports, 2013. Available online at http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/lifestyle/sports/may_2013/52_say_big_time_college_athletics_corrupt_education_process (accessed July 2, 2013).

## Chapter review

Some statistical measures, like many survey questions, measure qualitative rather than quantitative data. In this case, the population parameter being estimated is a proportion. It is possible to create a confidence interval for the true population proportion following procedures similar to those used in creating confidence intervals for population means. The formulas are slightly different, but they follow the same reasoning.

Let p′ represent the sample proportion, x/n , where x represents the number of successes and n represents the sample size. Let q′ = 1 – p′ . Then the confidence interval for a population proportion is given by the following formula:

(lower bound, upper bound)

The “plus four” method for calculating confidence intervals is an attempt to balance the error introduced by using estimates of the population proportion when calculating the standard deviation of the sampling distribution. Simply imagine four additional trials in the study; two are successes and two are failures. Calculate ${p}^{\prime }=\frac{x+2}{n+4}$ , and proceed to find the confidence interval. When sample sizes are small, this method has been demonstrated to provide more accurate confidence intervals than the standard formula used for larger samples.

## Formula review

p′ = x / n where x represents the number of successes and n represents the sample size. The variable p ′ is the sample proportion and serves as the point estimate for the true population proportion.

q ′ = 1 – p

${p}^{\prime }~N\left(p,\sqrt{\frac{pq}{n}}\right)$ The variable p′ has a binomial distribution that can be approximated with the normal distribution shown here.

EBP = the error bound for a proportion = ${z}_{\frac{\alpha }{2}}\sqrt{\frac{{p}^{\prime }{q}^{\prime }}{n}}$

Confidence interval for a proportion:

provides the number of participants needed to estimate the population proportion with confidence 1 - α and margin of error EBP .

Use the normal distribution for a single population proportion

Uttam
How can I calculate the Class Mark, Relative frequency and the cumulative frequency on a frequency table?
what is the important in business planning and economics
explain the limitation and scope of statistics
mahelt
statistics is limited to use where data can be measured quantitatively. statistics scope is wider such as in economic planning, medical science etc.
Gurpreet
can you send me mcq type questions
Yas
Umar
which books are best to learn applied statistics for data science/ML
Gurpreet
A population consists of five numbers 2,3,6,8,11.consists all possible samples of size two which can be drawn with replacement from this population. calculate the S.E of sample means
A particular train reaches the destination in time in 75 per cent of the times.A person travels 5 times in that train.Find probability that he will reach the destination in time, for all the 5 times.
0.237
Amresh
umesh
p(x=5)= 5C0 p^5 q^0 solve this
Amresh
umesh
ok
umesh
5C0=1 p^5= (3/4)^5 q^0=(1/4)^0
Amresh
Hint(0.75 in time and 0.25 not in time)
kamugi
what is standard deviation?
It is the measure of the variation of certain values from the Mean (Center) of a frequency distribution of sample values for a particular Variable.
Dominic
what is the number of x
10
Elicia
Javed Arif
Jawed
how will you know if a group of data set is a sample or population
population is the whole set and the sample is the subset of population.
umair
if the data set is drawn out of a larger set it is a sample and if it is itself the whole complete set it can be treated as population.
Bhavika
hello everyone if I have the data set which contains measurements of each part during 10 years, may I say that it's the population or it's still a sample because it doesn't contain my measurements in the future? thanks
Alexander
Pls I hv a problem on t test is there anyone who can help?
Peggy
Dominic
Bhavika is right
Dominic
what is the problem peggy?
Bhavika
hi
Sandeep
Hello
hi
Bhavika
hii Bhavika
Dar
Hi eny population has a special definition. if that data set had all of characteristics of definition, that is population. otherwise that is a sample
Hoshyar
three coins are tossed. find the probability of no head
three coins are tossed consecutively or what ?
umair
umair
or .125 is the probability of getting no head when 3 coins are tossed
umair
🤣🤣🤣
Simone
what is two tailed test
if the diameter will be greater than 3 cm then the bullet will not fit in the barrel of the gun so you are bothered for both the sides.
umair
in this test you are worried on both the ends
umair
lets say you are designing a bullet for thw gun od diameter equals 3cm.if the diameter of the bullet is less than 3 cm then you wont be able to shoot it
umair
In order to apply weddles rule for numerical integration what is minimum number of ordinates
excuse me?
Gabriel
why?
didn't understand the question though.
Gabriel
which question? ?
We have rules of numerical integration like Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's 1/3 and 3/8 rules, Boole's rule and Weddle rule for n =1,2,3,4 and 6 but for n=5?
John
Someone should help me please, how can I calculate the Class Mark, Relative frequency and the cumulative frequency on a frequency table?
IJOGI
geometric mean of two numbers 4 and 16 is:
10
umair
really
iphone
quartile deviation of 8 8 8 is:
iphone
sorry 8 is the geometric mean of 4,16
umair
quartile deviation of 8 8 8 is
iphone
can you please expalin the whole question ?
umair
mcq
iphone
h
iphone
can you please post the picture of that ?
umair
how
iphone
hello
John
10 now
John
how to find out the value
can you be more specific ?
umair
yes
KrishnaReddy
what is the difference between inferential and descriptive statistics
descriptive statistics gives you the result on the the data like you can calculate various things like variance,mean,median etc. however, inferential stats is involved in prediction of future trends using the previous stored data.
umair
if you need more help i am up for the help.
umair
Thanks a lot
Anjali
Inferential Statistics involves drawing conclusions on a population based on analysis of a sample. Descriptive statistics summarises or describes your current data as numerical calculations or graphs.
fred
my pleasure😊. Helping others offers me satisfaction 😊
umair
inferential statistics the results of the statistical analysis of the sample data of the population are used for generalization or decision making about the population why descriptive statistics, the analyzed data are presented without generalization or decision making about the population.
IJOGI