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1.1 An introduction to the human body Read Online
1.2 The chemical level of organization Read Online
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Though you may approach a course in anatomy and physiology strictly as a requirement for your field of study, the knowledge you gain in this course will serve you well in many aspects of your life. An understanding of anatomy and physiology is not only fundamental to any career in the health professions, but it can also benefit your own health. Familiarity with the human body can help you make healthful choices and prompt you to take appropriate action when signs of illness arise. Your knowledge in this field will help you understand news about nutrition, medications, medical devices, and procedures and help you understand genetic or infectious diseases. At some point, everyone will have a problem with some aspect of his or her body and your knowledge can help you to be a better parent, spouse, partner, friend, colleague, or caregiver.
This chapter begins with an overview of anatomy and physiology and a preview of the body regions and functions. It then covers the characteristics of life and how the body works to maintain stable conditions. It introduces a set of standard terms for body structures and for planes and positions in the body that will serve as a foundation for more comprehensive information covered later in the text. It ends with examples of medical imaging used to see inside the living body.
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Question: Cyanobacteria can cause hepatoxicity via ingestion of ____________ and neurotoxicity via ingestion of _____________.
Choices:
microcystin/nodularin , anatoxin
anatoxin, microcystin/nodularin
Question: Coral snake venom is rapidly cleared from the body . True/False
Choices:
True
False
Question: Which is false regarding pit vipers?
Choices:
most bites are by copperheads
venom is delivered by the retractable fangs downward and stabbing forward
Echinocytes greatly increase the likelyhood that victum has been envenomated
Initial clinical sign is usually marked tissue swelling.
Antivenin treatment (CroFabTM) substantially increases the likelihood of survival
Question: Coral snakes have short fixed , nonhinged ,front fangs that are partially membrane covered but 60% of bites do not result in venom delivery. True/ False
Choices:
True
False
Question: How would you identify a female black widow spider?
Choices:
red , yellow, or orange hourglass on ventral abdomen
the bite causes a "Bulls eye " lesion and systemic deletion of clotting factors (VII,IX, and XII)
within 30 min of bite, expanding area of wound will reach up to 15 cm and rupture with serious discharge
Female black widow spiders only build nests in barns housed by talking pigs named Wilbur.
The nests will be built on ground level since black widows are poor climbers.
Question: Tarantula species native to the United States are not capable of delivering serious envenomation and thus are effectively innocuous. True/ False
Choices:
True
False
Question: 99% of all the snakebites to animals in North America are by coral snakes
Choices:
True
False
Question: Which of the following is false regarding botulism toxin?
Choices:
Ach release is blocked in the presynaptic neuron resulting in flaccid paralysis
Botulism occurs via ingestion or wound contamination of spores or preformed toxin
Preformed toxin sources are decaying carcasses
For prevention, vaccination against C. botulism with toxoid can prevent clinical disease
Clinical signs include "sawhorse stance", muscle rigidity, erect ears and a reluctance to eat due to "locked jaw"
Question: Which of the following is false reagrding Bufo toad toxicity?
Choices:
Onset of clinical signs can be rapid and death can occur within 15 minutes .
The cardiac glycosides bind and inhibit Na /K ATPase resulting in a depressed electrical conduction
Mucous membranes appear pale and tacky .
Prognosis is good with most animals with early decontamination and appropriate symptomatic therapy
Majority of animals present with neurologic abnormalities including convulsions, ataxia, nystagmus, stupor and coma.
Question: Blister beetles cause cathardin toxicosis which occurs when livestock eat ________________
Choices:
Grain
Alfalfa hay
Dead chicken carcasses
Locoweed
Cardenolides
Question: Cathardin toxicosis from blister beetles can cause irritation in the terminal ends of the esophagus, stomach and intestines leading to ulcerative lesions. True /False
Choices:
True
False
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