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1.1 An introduction to the human body Read Online
1.2 The chemical level of organization Read Online
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Though you may approach a course in anatomy and physiology strictly as a requirement for your field of study, the knowledge you gain in this course will serve you well in many aspects of your life. An understanding of anatomy and physiology is not only fundamental to any career in the health professions, but it can also benefit your own health. Familiarity with the human body can help you make healthful choices and prompt you to take appropriate action when signs of illness arise. Your knowledge in this field will help you understand news about nutrition, medications, medical devices, and procedures and help you understand genetic or infectious diseases. At some point, everyone will have a problem with some aspect of his or her body and your knowledge can help you to be a better parent, spouse, partner, friend, colleague, or caregiver.
This chapter begins with an overview of anatomy and physiology and a preview of the body regions and functions. It then covers the characteristics of life and how the body works to maintain stable conditions. It introduces a set of standard terms for body structures and for planes and positions in the body that will serve as a foundation for more comprehensive information covered later in the text. It ends with examples of medical imaging used to see inside the living body.
Question: Cushings disease could cause animal to not concentrate urine. true /false
Choices:
True
False
Question: Why do animals get high Phos with renal disease?
Choices:
increased GFR
decreased GFR
increased EPO
retained Ca also causes retained Phos
Question: 10 yr old paint mare with history of off feed 2 days .....here are results of biochem profile: BUN 38 (high) and Creatinine 6.5 (high) Phosphorus 2.7 (normal) Ca 12.2 (normal) USG : 1.048 Which of the following describes the above results ?
Choices:
Prerenal azotemia
Renal azotemia
post renal azotemia
Question: 17 yr old DSH cat gradual weight loss. You can palpate an abdominal mass. Here are the following results: Glucose : 282 (normal 124) BUN 162 ( normal=32) Creat 2.2 (normal =2) Phos- normal Urinalysis: USG: 1.045 (neg for glucose) What is the most likely differential?
Choices:
Kidney disease
Glomerular disease caused by immune mediated globulins
Tubular disease
UTI
GI hemorrhage
Question: What does free catch urine evaluate for large animals?
Choices:
Upper urinary tract
Lower Urinary Tract
Uro genital tract
Question: Dogs normally have +1 bilirubin in urine. true/false
Choices:
True
False
Question: What is unique on biochemical profile of a horse with renal disease compared to other species?
Choices:
BUN and Creatinine are both increased for horses and not in other species
only BUN is increased for a horse and both BUN and Creatinine are increased in other species with renal disease
Ca is low and Phos is high in horses ; Ca is high and Phos is low in other species with renal disease.
Ca is high and Phos is low in horses; Ca is low and Phos is high in other species with renal disease,
Only Creatinine is measured in horses.
Question: 7 yr old dog history of vomiting and weight loss BUN 240 (high) Creat 6.5 (high) USG: 1.010 Urine protein :neg urine sediment : normal What is the most likely explanation for the azotemia?
Choices:
renal tubular disease
renal glomerular disease
Pre renal due to GI bleeding
Pre renal due to hypoperfusion
Question: 9 yr old DSH cat presents for PU/PD, lethargy, occasional vomiting BUN : 124 (normal 32) USG: 1.011 CBC : PCV 19% (low) Retic <60,000 Creat : 8.4 (normal 2) Phos: 9.9 ( normal 7.8) Ca 10.2 (normal ) Does this cat have chronic renal failure?
Choices:
Yes
No
Question: A urine protein creatinine ratio of >5.0 indicates.....
Choices:
Tubular disease
glomerular disease
renal disease
chronic renal failure
post renal obstruction
Question: What is diagnostic for ethylene glycol toxicity?
Choices:
Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
Struvites
Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals
BIlirubin in urine
Nitrate crystals
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