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Blood pressure

This photo shows a nurse taking a woman’s blood pressure with a blood pressure cuff. The nurse is pumping the cuff with her right hand and holding a stethoscope on the patient’s arm with her left hand.
A proficiency in anatomy and physiology is fundamental to any career in the health professions. (credit: Bryan Mason/flickr)

Chapter objectives

After studying this chapter, you will be able to:

  • Distinguish between anatomy and physiology, and identify several branches of each
  • Describe the structure of the body, from simplest to most complex, in terms of the six levels of organization
  • Identify the functional characteristics of human life
  • Identify the four requirements for human survival
  • Define homeostasis and explain its importance to normal human functioning
  • Use appropriate anatomical terminology to identify key body structures, body regions, and directions in the body
  • Compare and contrast at least four medical imagining techniques in terms of their function and use in medicine

Though you may approach a course in anatomy and physiology strictly as a requirement for your field of study, the knowledge you gain in this course will serve you well in many aspects of your life. An understanding of anatomy and physiology is not only fundamental to any career in the health professions, but it can also benefit your own health. Familiarity with the human body can help you make healthful choices and prompt you to take appropriate action when signs of illness arise. Your knowledge in this field will help you understand news about nutrition, medications, medical devices, and procedures and help you understand genetic or infectious diseases. At some point, everyone will have a problem with some aspect of his or her body and your knowledge can help you to be a better parent, spouse, partner, friend, colleague, or caregiver.

This chapter begins with an overview of anatomy and physiology and a preview of the body regions and functions. It then covers the characteristics of life and how the body works to maintain stable conditions. It introduces a set of standard terms for body structures and for planes and positions in the body that will serve as a foundation for more comprehensive information covered later in the text. It ends with examples of medical imaging used to see inside the living body.

Exam PDF eBook: 
BOD - Neuropathology
Download BOD - Exam PDF eBook
33 Pages
2014
English US
Educational Materials



Sample Questions from the BOD - Neuropathology Exam

Question: Perinatal infection of cats with parvovirus can result in what lesion?

Choices:

polioencephalomalacia

leukoencephalomalacia

cerebellar hypolplasia

poliomyelitis

hematoma of subdural space

Question: Corona radiata is a specific term for ....

Choices:

softening of pia mater

grey matter

white matter

blood brain barrier

Question: Neurons cannot divide because they do not have the organelles or centrioles that allow cell division. true /false

Choices:

True

False

Question: Hydranencephaly results from destruction of the parenchyma of the cerebral hemispheres. True/False

Choices:

True

False

Question: Pachymeningitis is inflammation of the.....

Choices:

Dura mater

Arachnoid

Pia Mater

Cerebellum

Ventricles

Question: In situations of brain hypoxia/ischemia, how are astrocytes involved in promoting excitotoxicity?

Choices:

they clear ammonia form excitatory synapses

they fail to form tight junctions and allow particles to enter blood brain barrier

they become the site of inflammatory cell accumulation for the brian

they fail to clear glutamate from excitatory synapses

Question: polioencephalomalacia =

Choices:

softening of grey matter of brain

softening of white matter of brain

Question: Which is false regarding the Glial Limiting membrane?

Choices:

condensation of astocytes processes

part of the blood brain barrier

known as the " gate keeper" of the brain

seen grossly as a spongy white layer under pia mater

All of the above are true

Question: What site is affected by Epsilon toxin from clostridium type D in sheep with enterotoxemia?

Choices:

Cerebellum

Falx cerebri

Rhinencephalon

Caudate nucleus

Question: A subdural hematoma is hemorrhage under which meninges layer?

Choices:

dura mater

arachnoid

pia mater

Question: What is the most vulnerable part of brain during intracranial pressure?

Choices:

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Ventricles

Pituitary gland

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Brooke Delaney
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Szilárd Jankó
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Hannah Sheth
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Madison Christian
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