<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >
A photograph shows two children running outside through an open doorway.
What makes two individuals have different personalities? (credit: modification of work by Nicolas Alejandro)

Three months before William Jefferson Blythe III was born, his father died in a car accident. He was raised by his mother, Virginia Dell, and grandparents, in Hope, Arkansas. When he turned 4, his mother married Roger Clinton, Jr., an alcoholic who was physically abusive to William’s mother. Six years later, Virginia gave birth to another son, Roger. William, who later took the last name Clinton from his stepfather, became the 42nd president of the United States. While Bill Clinton was making his political ascendance, his half-brother, Roger Clinton, was arrested numerous times for drug charges, including possession, conspiracy to distribute cocaine, and driving under the influence, serving time in jail. Two brothers, raised by the same people, took radically different paths in their lives. Why did they make the choices they did? What internal forces shaped their decisions? Personality psychology can help us answer these questions and more.

References

Adler, A. (1930). Individual psychology. In C. Murchison (Ed.), Psychologies of 1930 (pp. 395–405). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.

Adler, A. (1937). A school girl's exaggeration of her own importance. International Journal of Individual Psychology, 3 (1), 3–12.

Adler, A. (1956). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler: A systematic presentation in selections from his writings . (C. H. Ansbacher&R. Ansbacher, Eds.). New York: Harper.

Adler, A. (1961). The practice and theory of individual psychology. In T. Shipley (Ed.), Classics in psychology (pp. 687–714). New York: Philosophical Library

Adler, A. (1964). Superiority and social interest . New York: Norton.

Akomolafe, M. J. (2013). Personality characteristics as predictors of academic performance of secondary school students. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (2), 657–664.

Allport, G. W.&Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Albany, NY: Psychological Review Company.

Aronow, E., Weiss, K. A.,&Rezinkoff, M. (2001). A practical guide to the Thematic Apperception Test. Philadelphia: Brunner Routledge.

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.  Psychological Review, 84, 191–215. 

Bandura, A. (1986).  Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Bandura, A. (1995).  Self-efficacy in changing societies.  Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Benassi, V. A., Sweeney, P. D.,&Dufour, C. L. (1988). Is there a relation between locus of control orientation and depression? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97 (3), 357.

Ben-Porath, Y.,&Tellegen, A. (2008). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-RF. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

Benet-Martínez, V.&Karakitapoglu-Aygun, Z. (2003). The interplay of cultural values and personality in predicting life-satisfaction: Comparing Asian- and European-Americans.  Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 38–61.

Questions & Answers

what is cell
Oppicial Reply
To know how bones are functions
DAUDA Reply
diagram of the heart
Victoria Reply
what are the layers of the muscles
Tongdock Reply
What is Amebae
Najibu Reply
the collection of fluids in the throat is cause by what
Emmanuel Reply
what is difference between meiosis and mitosis
Aishetu Reply
what is difference between mitosis and meiosis
Aishetu
What is Anatomy
Najibu Reply
What the difference between the Anatomy and physiology
Najibu
What is the meaning of chromoprotein
Aisha Reply
what is cartilage
Abdulkadir Reply
tough , white fibrous tissue
Henry
distinguish between anatomy and physiology
Amina Reply
Anatomy is the study of internal structure of an organism while physiology is the study of the function/relationship of the body organs working together as a system in an organism.
adeyeye
distinguish between anatomy and physiology
Erny Reply
regional anatomy is the study of the body regionally
Ismail Reply
what is the meaning of regional anatomy
Aminat Reply
epithelial tissue: it covers the Hollow organs and body cavities
Esomchi Reply
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Psychology. OpenStax CNX. Feb 03, 2015 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11629/1.5
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Psychology' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask