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Prof.John GabrieliNeuroscientist
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
USA
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1.1 What is psychology? Read Online
1.2 History of psychology Read Online
Clive Wearing is an accomplished musician who lost his ability to form new memories when he became sick at the age of 46. While he can remember how to play the piano perfectly, he cannot remember what he ate for breakfast just an hour ago (Sacks, 2007). James Wannerton experiences a taste sensation that is associated with the sound of words. His former girlfriend’s name tastes like rhubarb (Mundasad, 2013). John Nash is a brilliant mathematician and Nobel Prize winner. However, while he was a professor at MIT, he would tell people that the New York Times contained coded messages from extraterrestrial beings that were intended for him. He also began to hear voices and became suspicious of the people around him. Soon thereafter, Nash was diagnosed with schizophrenia and admitted to a state-run mental institution (O’Connor&Robertson, 2002). Nash was the subject of the 2001 movie A Beautiful Mind . Why did these people have these experiences? How does the human brain work? And what is the connection between the brain’s internal processes and people’s external behaviors? This textbook will introduce you to various ways that the field of psychology has explored these questions.
American Board of Forensic Psychology. (2014). Brochure . Retrieved from http://www.abfp.com/brochure.asp
American Psychological Association. (2014). Retrieved from www.apa.org
American Psychological Association. (2014). Graduate training and career possibilities in exercise and sport psychology. Retrieved from http://www.apadivisions.org/division-47/about/resources/training.aspx?item=1
American Psychological Association. (2011). Psychology as a career. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/education/undergrad/psych-career.aspx
Ashliman, D. L. (2001). Cupid and Psyche. In Folktexts: A library of folktales, folklore, fairy tales, and mythology. Retrieved from http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/cupid.html
Betancourt, H.,&López, S. R. (1993). The study of culture, ethnicity, and race in American psychology. American Psychologist , 48 , 629–637.
Black, S. R., Spence, S. A.,&Omari, S. R. (2004). Contributions of African Americans to the field of psychology. Journal of Black Studies , 35 , 40–64.
Bulfinch, T. (1855). The age of fable: Or, stories of gods and heroes . Boston, MA: Chase, Nichols and Hill.
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 12 , 1–49.
Download MCQ Exam PDF eBook
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Prof.John GabrieliNeuroscientist
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
USA
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Question: Difficult and controversial court cases occur if an accusation is based on alleged memories for remote events when that memory has been repressed for many years and recovered during therapy. What memory phenomenon is most threatening to the accuracy of these sorts of memories?
Choices:
Encoding specificity
Proactive interference
Retroactive interference
Flashbulb memories
Question: The field has once considered babies before age 12 months as pre-linguistiC) Current evidence suggests:
Choices:
Even though they don't speak yet, infants can fully understand language before 12 months.
Key universal linguistic milestones occur before 12 months.
Most infants can talk before 12 months.
Babies are indeed pre-linguistic before 12 months.
Question: In an experiment aimed to study short-term memory, subjects were asked to remember three-letter consonant trigrams (LCK) during retention intervals, during which they counted aloud, ranging from 0 to 18 seconds. On average, recall for the trigrams was virtually absent after 18 seconds. Subsequent studies revealed that the poor memory at 18 seconds was primarily due to
Choices:
Limited capacity of short-term memory
Serial position effect
Retroactive interference in long-term memory
Proactive interference in long-term memory
Question: We know that babbling in infants is related to language acquisition because:
Choices:
Right side of the mouth (controlled by left hemisphere) opens first during babbling
Deaf children babble with their hands, showing that babbling is not just a practice of vocal cords.
Bilingual babies exposed to Signed and Spoken languages babble with their hands and their mouth.
All of the above.
Question: Experimental evidence indicates that memorizing material with repeated study and test cycles, like learning foreign language vocabulary, is done both best and most efficiently if students
Choices:
study all materials repeatedly and are tested on all materials repeatedly
study all materials repeatedly and are tested only on materials that were missed in the prior test
only study materials missed on the prior test and are tested on all materials repeatedly
only study materials missed on the prior test and are tested only on materials missed in the prior test
Question: A patient with a left-sided removal of the hippocampus would be impaired on which of the following:
Choices:
Short-term verbal memory
Long-term verbal memory
Short-term visuo-spatial memory
Long-term visuo-spatial memory
Question: Patients with anterograde global amnesia typically have
Choices:
No retrograde amnesia at all
Retrograde amnesia for the most distant past parts of their lives
Temporally limited retrograde amnesia
Complete retrograde amnesia
Question: Peopleoftenthink that(a) 8x 7x 6x 5x 4x 3x 2x 1is amuchlarger number than 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7x 8; (b) itis more likely tohave a coin flipped six times come up with a mix of heads and tails than all heads; and (c) that a person is at greater risk in the US to die from a terrorist attack than a bathtub accident. These ways of thinking reflect, in order, what heuristics?
Choices:
(a) representativeness; (b) anchoring; (c) availability
(a) availability; (b) representativeness; (c) anchoring
(a) representativeness; (b) availability; (c) anchoring
(a) anchoring; (b) representativeness; (c) availability
Question: Experimental studies show that, for equal losses or gains, people are
Choices:
Risk averse for losses and gains
Risk taking for losses and gains
Risk averse for gains and risk taking for losses
Risk taking for gains and risk averse for losses
Question: Declarative memory depends on the _______; procedural memory depends on the _____; repetition priming depends on ______.
Choices:
Hippocampus; basal ganglia; neocortex
Basal ganglia; hippocampus; neocortex
Basal ganglia; neocortex; hippocampus
Hippocampus; neocortex; basal ganglia
Question: Perseveration in problem solving is found after injuries to the _______; failure to exhibit a galvanic skin response (GSR) to family members is found after injuries to the _____; a heightened tendency to make selections that have high immediate rewards but higher long-term losses is found after injuries to the
Choices:
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; orbitofrontal cortex; orbitofrontal cortex
orbitofrontal cortex; orbitofrontal cortex; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; orbitofrontal cortex
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; orbitofrontal cortex; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
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