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Section exercises

Verbal

What is an n th partial sum?

An n th partial sum is the sum of the first n terms of a sequence.

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What is the difference between an arithmetic sequence and an arithmetic series?

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What is a geometric series?

A geometric series is the sum of the terms in a geometric sequence.

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How is finding the sum of an infinite geometric series different from finding the n th partial sum?

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What is an annuity?

An annuity is a series of regular equal payments that earn a constant compounded interest.

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Algebraic

For the following exercises, express each description of a sum using summation notation.

The sum of terms m 2 + 3 m from m = 1 to m = 5

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The sum from of n = 0 to n = 4 of 5 n

n = 0 4 5 n

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The sum of 6 k 5 from k = 2 to k = 1

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The sum that results from adding the number 4 five times

k = 1 5 4

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For the following exercises, express each arithmetic sum using summation notation.

5 + 10 + 15 + 20 + 25 + 30 + 35 + 40 + 45 + 50

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10 + 18 + 26 + + 162

k = 1 20 8 k + 2

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1 2 + 1 + 3 2 + 2 + + 4

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For the following exercises, use the formula for the sum of the first n terms of each arithmetic sequence.

3 2 + 2 + 5 2 + 3 + 7 2

S 5 = 5 ( 3 2 + 7 2 ) 2

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3.2 + 3.4 + 3.6 + + 5.6

S 13 = 13 ( 3.2 + 5.6 ) 2

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For the following exercises, express each geometric sum using summation notation.

1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + 81 + 243 + 729 + 2187

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8 + 4 + 2 + + 0.125

k = 1 7 8 0.5 k 1

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1 6 + 1 12 1 24 + + 1 768

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For the following exercises, use the formula for the sum of the first n terms of each geometric sequence, and then state the indicated sum.

9 + 3 + 1 + 1 3 + 1 9

S 5 = 9 ( 1 ( 1 3 ) 5 ) 1 1 3 = 121 9 13.44

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n = 1 9 5 2 n 1

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a = 1 11 64 0.2 a 1

S 11 = 64 ( 1 0.2 11 ) 1 0.2 = 781 , 249 , 984 9 , 765 , 625 80

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For the following exercises, determine whether the infinite series has a sum. If so, write the formula for the sum. If not, state the reason.

2 + 1.6 + 1.28 + 1.024 + ...

The series is defined. S = 2 1 0.8

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k = 1 ( 1 2 ) k 1

The series is defined. S = 1 1 ( 1 2 )

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Graphical

For the following exercises, use the following scenario. Javier makes monthly deposits into a savings account. He opened the account with an initial deposit of $50. Each month thereafter he increased the previous deposit amount by $20.

Graph the arithmetic sequence showing one year of Javier’s deposits.

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Graph the arithmetic series showing the monthly sums of one year of Javier’s deposits.

Graph of Javier's deposits where the x-axis is the months of the year and the y-axis is the sum of deposits.
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For the following exercises, use the geometric series k = 1 ( 1 2 ) k .

Graph the first 7 partial sums of the series.

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What number does S n seem to be approaching in the graph? Find the sum to explain why this makes sense.

Sample answer: The graph of S n seems to be approaching 1. This makes sense because k = 1 ( 1 2 ) k is a defined infinite geometric series with S = 1 2 1 ( 1 2 ) = 1.

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Numeric

For the following exercises, find the indicated sum.

n = 1 6 n ( n 2 )

49

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For the following exercises, use the formula for the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic series to find the sum.

1.7 + 0.4 + 0.9 + 2.2 + 3.5 + 4.8

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6 + 15 2 + 9 + 21 2 + 12 + 27 2 + 15

S 7 = 147 2

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1 + 3 + 7 + ... + 31

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k = 1 11 ( k 2 1 2 )

S 11 = 55 2

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For the following exercises, use the formula for the sum of the first n terms of a geometric series to find the partial sum.

S 6 for the series 2 10 50 250...

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S 7 for the series 0.4 2 + 10 50...

S 7 = 5208.4

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n = 1 10 2 ( 1 2 ) n 1

S 10 = 1023 256

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For the following exercises, find the sum of the infinite geometric series.

1 1 4 1 16 1 64 ...

S = 4 3

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k = 1 3 ( 1 4 ) k 1

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n = 1 4.6 0.5 n 1

S = 9.2

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For the following exercises, determine the value of the annuity for the indicated monthly deposit amount, the number of deposits, and the interest rate.

Deposit amount: $ 50 ; total deposits: 60 ; interest rate: 5 % , compounded monthly

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Deposit amount: $ 150 ; total deposits: 24 ; interest rate: 3 % , compounded monthly

$3,705.42

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Deposit amount: $ 450 ; total deposits: 60 ; interest rate: 4.5 % , compounded quarterly

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Deposit amount: $ 100 ; total deposits: 120 ; interest rate: 10 % , compounded semi-annually

$695,823.97

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Extensions

The sum of terms 50 k 2 from k = x through 7 is 115. What is x ?

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Write an explicit formula for a k such that k = 0 6 a k = 189. Assume this is an arithmetic series.

a k = 30 k

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Find the smallest value of n such that k = 1 n ( 3 k 5 ) > 100.

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How many terms must be added before the series 1 3 5 7 ....   has a sum less than 75 ?

9 terms

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Write 0. 65 ¯ as an infinite geometric series using summation notation. Then use the formula for finding the sum of an infinite geometric series to convert 0. 65 ¯ to a fraction.

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The sum of an infinite geometric series is five times the value of the first term. What is the common ratio of the series?

r = 4 5

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To get the best loan rates available, the Riches want to save enough money to place 20% down on a $160,000 home. They plan to make monthly deposits of $125 in an investment account that offers 8.5% annual interest compounded semi-annually. Will the Riches have enough for a 20% down payment after five years of saving? How much money will they have saved?

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Karl has two years to save $ 10 , 000 to buy a used car when he graduates. To the nearest dollar, what would his monthly deposits need to be if he invests in an account offering a 4.2% annual interest rate that compounds monthly?

$400 per month

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Real-world applications

Keisha devised a week-long study plan to prepare for finals. On the first day, she plans to study for 1 hour, and each successive day she will increase her study time by 30 minutes. How many hours will Keisha have studied after one week?

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A boulder rolled down a mountain, traveling 6 feet in the first second. Each successive second, its distance increased by 8 feet. How far did the boulder travel after 10 seconds?

420 feet

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A scientist places 50 cells in a petri dish. Every hour, the population increases by 1.5%. What will the cell count be after 1 day?

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A pendulum travels a distance of 3 feet on its first swing. On each successive swing, it travels 3 4 the distance of the previous swing. What is the total distance traveled by the pendulum when it stops swinging?

12 feet

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Rachael deposits $1,500 into a retirement fund each year. The fund earns 8.2% annual interest, compounded monthly. If she opened her account when she was 19 years old, how much will she have by the time she is 55? How much of that amount will be interest earned?

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Questions & Answers

for the "hiking" mix, there are 1,000 pieces in the mix, containing 390.8 g of fat, and 165 g of protein. if there is the same amount of almonds as cashews, how many of each item is in the trail mix?
ADNAN Reply
linear speed of an object
Melissa Reply
an object is traveling around a circle with a radius of 13 meters .if in 20 seconds a central angle of 1/7 Radian is swept out what are the linear and angular speed of the object
Melissa
test
Matrix
how to find domain
Mohamed Reply
like this: (2)/(2-x) the aim is to see what will not be compatible with this rational expression. If x= 0 then the fraction is undefined since we cannot divide by zero. Therefore, the domain consist of all real numbers except 2.
Dan
define the term of domain
Moha
if a>0 then the graph is concave
Angel Reply
if a<0 then the graph is concave blank
Angel
what's a domain
Kamogelo Reply
The set of all values you can use as input into a function su h that the output each time will be defined, meaningful and real.
Spiro
how fast can i understand functions without much difficulty
Joe Reply
what is inequalities
Nathaniel
functions can be understood without a lot of difficulty. Observe the following: f(2) 2x - x 2(2)-2= 2 now observe this: (2,f(2)) ( 2, -2) 2(-x)+2 = -2 -4+2=-2
Dan
what is set?
Kelvin Reply
a colony of bacteria is growing exponentially doubling in size every 100 minutes. how much minutes will it take for the colony of bacteria to triple in size
Divya Reply
I got 300 minutes. is it right?
Patience
no. should be about 150 minutes.
Jason
It should be 158.5 minutes.
Mr
ok, thanks
Patience
100•3=300 300=50•2^x 6=2^x x=log_2(6) =2.5849625 so, 300=50•2^2.5849625 and, so, the # of bacteria will double every (100•2.5849625) = 258.49625 minutes
Thomas
158.5 This number can be developed by using algebra and logarithms. Begin by moving log(2) to the right hand side of the equation like this: t/100 log(2)= log(3) step 1: divide each side by log(2) t/100=1.58496250072 step 2: multiply each side by 100 to isolate t. t=158.49
Dan
what is the importance knowing the graph of circular functions?
Arabella Reply
can get some help basic precalculus
ismail Reply
What do you need help with?
Andrew
how to convert general to standard form with not perfect trinomial
Camalia Reply
can get some help inverse function
ismail
Rectangle coordinate
Asma Reply
how to find for x
Jhon Reply
it depends on the equation
Robert
yeah, it does. why do we attempt to gain all of them one side or the other?
Melissa
how to find x: 12x = 144 notice how 12 is being multiplied by x. Therefore division is needed to isolate x and whatever we do to one side of the equation we must do to the other. That develops this: x= 144/12 divide 144 by 12 to get x. addition: 12+x= 14 subtract 12 by each side. x =2
Dan
whats a domain
mike Reply
The domain of a function is the set of all input on which the function is defined. For example all real numbers are the Domain of any Polynomial function.
Spiro
Spiro; thanks for putting it out there like that, 😁
Melissa
foci (–7,–17) and (–7,17), the absolute value of the differenceof the distances of any point from the foci is 24.
Churlene Reply

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Source:  OpenStax, Precalculus. OpenStax CNX. Jan 19, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11667/1.6
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