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For the following exercises, convert the polar equation of a conic section to a rectangular equation.

r = 4 1 + 3   sin   θ

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r = 2 5 3   sin   θ

25 x 2 + 16 y 2 12 y 4 = 0

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r = 8 3 2   cos   θ

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r = 3 2 + 5   cos   θ

21 x 2 4 y 2 30 x + 9 = 0

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r = 4 2 + 2   sin   θ

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r = 3 8 8   cos   θ

64 y 2 = 48 x + 9

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r = 2 6 + 7   cos   θ

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r = 5 5 11   sin   θ

96 y 2 25 x 2 + 110 y + 25 = 0

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r ( 5 + 2   cos   θ ) = 6

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r ( 2 cos   θ ) = 1

3 x 2 + 4 y 2 2 x 1 = 0

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r ( 2.5 2.5   sin   θ ) = 5

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r = 6 sec   θ 2 + 3   sec   θ

5 x 2 + 9 y 2 24 x 36 = 0

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r = 6 csc   θ 3 + 2   csc   θ

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For the following exercises, graph the given conic section. If it is a parabola, label the vertex, focus, and directrix. If it is an ellipse, label the vertices and foci. If it is a hyperbola, label the vertices and foci.

r = 2 3 + 3   sin   θ

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r = 10 5 4   sin   θ

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r = 3 1 + 2   cos   θ

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r = 8 4 5   cos   θ

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r = 3 4 4   cos   θ

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r = 6 3 + 2   sin   θ

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r ( 3 4 sin   θ ) = 9

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r ( 3 2 sin   θ ) = 6

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r ( 6 4 cos   θ ) = 5

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For the following exercises, find the polar equation of the conic with focus at the origin and the given eccentricity and directrix.

Directrix: x = 4 ; e = 1 5

r = 4 5 + cos θ

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Directrix: x = 4 ; e = 5

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Directrix: y = 2 ; e = 2

r = 4 1 + 2 sin θ

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Directrix: y = 2 ; e = 1 2

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Directrix: x = 1 ; e = 1

r = 1 1 + cos θ

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Directrix: x = 1 ; e = 1

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Directrix: x = 1 4 ; e = 7 2

r = 7 8 28 cos θ

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Directrix: y = 2 5 ; e = 7 2

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Directrix: y = 4 ; e = 3 2

r = 12 2 + 3 sin θ

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Directrix: x = −2 ; e = 8 3

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Directrix: x = −5 ; e = 3 4

r = 15 4 3 cos θ

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Directrix: y = 2 ; e = 2.5

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Directrix: x = −3 ; e = 1 3

r = 3 3 3 cos θ

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Extensions

Recall from Rotation of Axes that equations of conics with an x y term have rotated graphs. For the following exercises, express each equation in polar form with r as a function of θ .

x 2 + x y + y 2 = 4

r = ± 2 1 + sin θ cos θ

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2 x 2 + 4 x y + 2 y 2 = 9

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16 x 2 + 24 x y + 9 y 2 = 4

r = ± 2 4 cos θ + 3 sin θ

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Chapter review exercises

The Ellipse

For the following exercises, write the equation of the ellipse in standard form. Then identify the center, vertices, and foci.

x 2 25 + y 2 64 = 1

x 2 5 2 + y 2 8 2 = 1 ; center: ( 0 , 0 ) ; vertices: ( 5 , 0 ) , ( −5 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 8 ) , ( 0 , 8 ) ; foci: ( 0 , 39 ) , ( 0 , 39 )

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( x 2 ) 2 100 + ( y + 3 ) 2 36 = 1

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9 x 2 + y 2 + 54 x 4 y + 76 = 0

( x + 3 ) 2 1 2 + ( y 2 ) 2 3 2 = 1 ( 3 , 2 ) ; ( 2 , 2 ) , ( 4 , 2 ) , ( 3 , 5 ) , ( 3 , 1 ) ; ( 3 , 2 + 2 2 ) , ( 3 , 2 2 2 )

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9 x 2 + 36 y 2 36 x + 72 y + 36 = 0

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For the following exercises, graph the ellipse, noting center, vertices, and foci.

x 2 36 + y 2 9 = 1

center: ( 0 , 0 ) ; vertices: ( 6 , 0 ) , ( −6 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 3 ) , ( 0 , −3 ) ; foci: ( 3 3 , 0 ) , ( 3 3 , 0 )

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( x 4 ) 2 25 + ( y + 3 ) 2 49 = 1

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4 x 2 + y 2 + 16 x + 4 y 44 = 0

center: ( −2 , −2 ) ; vertices: ( 2 , −2 ) , ( −6 , −2 ) , ( −2 , 6 ) , ( −2 , −10 ) ; foci: ( −2 , −2 + 4 3 , ) , ( −2 , −2 −4 3 )

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2 x 2 + 3 y 2 20 x + 12 y + 38 = 0

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For the following exercises, use the given information to find the equation for the ellipse.

Center at ( 0 , 0 ) , focus at ( 3 , 0 ) , vertex at ( −5 , 0 )

x 2 25 + y 2 16 = 1

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Center at ( 2 , −2 ) , vertex at ( 7 , −2 ) , focus at ( 4 , −2 )

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A whispering gallery is to be constructed such that the foci are located 35 feet from the center. If the length of the gallery is to be 100 feet, what should the height of the ceiling be?

Approximately 35.71 feet

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The Hyperbola

For the following exercises, write the equation of the hyperbola in standard form. Then give the center, vertices, and foci.

( y + 1 ) 2 16 ( x 4 ) 2 36 = 1

( y + 1 ) 2 4 2 ( x 4 ) 2 6 2 = 1 ; center: ( 4 , −1 ) ; vertices: ( 4 , 3 ) , ( 4 , −5 ) ; foci: ( 4 , −1 + 2 13 ) , ( 4 , −1 2 13 )

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9 y 2 4 x 2 + 54 y 16 x + 29 = 0

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3 x 2 y 2 12 x 6 y 9 = 0

( x 2 ) 2 2 2 ( y + 3 ) 2 ( 2 3 ) 2 = 1 ; center: ( 2 , −3 ) ; vertices: ( 4 , −3 ) , ( 0 , −3 ) ; foci: ( 6 , −3 ) , ( −2 , −3 )

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For the following exercises, graph the hyperbola, labeling vertices and foci.

Questions & Answers

Ayele, K., 2003. Introductory Economics, 3rd ed., Addis Ababa.
Widad Reply
can you send the book attached ?
Ariel
?
Ariel
What is economics
Widad Reply
the study of how humans make choices under conditions of scarcity
AI-Robot
U(x,y) = (x×y)1/2 find mu of x for y
Desalegn Reply
U(x,y) = (x×y)1/2 find mu of x for y
Desalegn
what is ecnomics
Jan Reply
this is the study of how the society manages it's scarce resources
Belonwu
what is macroeconomic
John Reply
macroeconomic is the branch of economics which studies actions, scale, activities and behaviour of the aggregate economy as a whole.
husaini
etc
husaini
difference between firm and industry
husaini Reply
what's the difference between a firm and an industry
Abdul
firm is the unit which transform inputs to output where as industry contain combination of firms with similar production 😅😅
Abdulraufu
Suppose the demand function that a firm faces shifted from Qd  120 3P to Qd  90  3P and the supply function has shifted from QS  20  2P to QS 10  2P . a) Find the effect of this change on price and quantity. b) Which of the changes in demand and supply is higher?
Toofiq Reply
explain standard reason why economic is a science
innocent Reply
factors influencing supply
Petrus Reply
what is economic.
Milan Reply
scares means__________________ends resources. unlimited
Jan
economics is a science that studies human behaviour as a relationship b/w ends and scares means which have alternative uses
Jan
calculate the profit maximizing for demand and supply
Zarshad Reply
Why qualify 28 supplies
Milan
what are explicit costs
Nomsa Reply
out-of-pocket costs for a firm, for example, payments for wages and salaries, rent, or materials
AI-Robot
concepts of supply in microeconomics
David Reply
economic overview notes
Amahle Reply
identify a demand and a supply curve
Salome Reply
i don't know
Parul
there's a difference
Aryan
Demand curve shows that how supply and others conditions affect on demand of a particular thing and what percent demand increase whith increase of supply of goods
Israr
Hi Sir please how do u calculate Cross elastic demand and income elastic demand?
Abari
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Source:  OpenStax, Precalculus. OpenStax CNX. Jan 19, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11667/1.6
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