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Section exercises

Verbal

Explain the basis for the cofunction identities and when they apply.

The cofunction identities apply to complementary angles. Viewing the two acute angles of a right triangle, if one of those angles measures x , the second angle measures π 2 x . Then sin x = cos ( π 2 x ) . The same holds for the other cofunction identities. The key is that the angles are complementary.

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Is there only one way to evaluate cos ( 5 π 4 ) ? Explain how to set up the solution in two different ways, and then compute to make sure they give the same answer.

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Explain to someone who has forgotten the even-odd properties of sinusoidal functions how the addition and subtraction formulas can determine this characteristic for f ( x ) = sin ( x ) and g ( x ) = cos ( x ) . (Hint: 0 x = x )

sin ( x ) = sin x , so sin x is odd. cos ( x ) = cos ( 0 x ) = cos x , so cos x is even.

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Algebraic

For the following exercises, find the exact value.

sin ( 11 π 12 )

6 2 4

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tan ( 19 π 12 )

2 3

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For the following exercises, rewrite in terms of sin x and cos x .

sin ( x 3 π 4 )

2 2 sin x 2 2 cos x

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cos ( x + 2 π 3 )

1 2 cos x 3 2 sin x

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For the following exercises, simplify the given expression.

sec ( π 2 θ )

csc θ

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tan ( π 2 x )

cot x

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sin ( 2 x ) cos ( 5 x ) sin ( 5 x ) cos ( 2 x )

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tan ( 3 2 x ) tan ( 7 5 x ) 1 + tan ( 3 2 x ) tan ( 7 5 x )

tan ( x 10 )

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For the following exercises, find the requested information.

Given that sin a = 2 3 and cos b = 1 4 , with a and b both in the interval [ π 2 , π ) , find sin ( a + b ) and cos ( a b ) .

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Given that sin a = 4 5 , and cos b = 1 3 , with a and b both in the interval [ 0 , π 2 ) , find sin ( a b ) and cos ( a + b ) .

sin ( a b ) = ( 4 5 ) ( 1 3 ) ( 3 5 ) ( 2 2 3 ) = 4 6 2 15
cos ( a + b ) = ( 3 5 ) ( 1 3 ) ( 4 5 ) ( 2 2 3 ) = 3 8 2 15

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For the following exercises, find the exact value of each expression.

sin ( cos 1 ( 0 ) cos 1 ( 1 2 ) )

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cos ( cos 1 ( 2 2 ) + sin 1 ( 3 2 ) )

2 6 4

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tan ( sin 1 ( 1 2 ) cos 1 ( 1 2 ) )

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Graphical

For the following exercises, simplify the expression, and then graph both expressions as functions to verify the graphs are identical.

cos ( π 2 x )

sin x

Graph of y=sin(x) from -2pi to 2pi.
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tan ( π 3 + x )

cot ( π 6 x )

Graph of y=cot(pi/6 - x) from -2pi to pi - in comparison to the usual y=cot(x) graph, this one is reflected across the x-axis and shifted by pi/6.
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tan ( π 4 x )

cot ( π 4 + x )

Graph of y=cot(pi/4 + x) - in comparison to the usual y=cot(x) graph, this one is shifted by pi/4.
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sin ( π 4 + x )

sin x 2 + cos x 2

Graph of y = sin(x) / rad2 + cos(x) / rad2 - it looks like the sin curve shifted by pi/4.
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For the following exercises, use a graph to determine whether the functions are the same or different. If they are the same, show why. If they are different, replace the second function with one that is identical to the first. (Hint: think 2 x = x + x . )

f ( x ) = sin ( 4 x ) sin ( 3 x ) cos x , g ( x ) = sin x cos ( 3 x )

They are the same.

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f ( x ) = cos ( 4 x ) + sin x sin ( 3 x ) , g ( x ) = cos x cos ( 3 x )

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f ( x ) = sin ( 3 x ) cos ( 6 x ) , g ( x ) = sin ( 3 x ) cos ( 6 x )

They are the different, try g ( x ) = sin ( 9 x ) cos ( 3 x ) sin ( 6 x ) .

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f ( x ) = sin ( 4 x ) , g ( x ) = sin ( 5 x ) cos x cos ( 5 x ) sin x

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f ( x ) = sin ( 2 x ) , g ( x ) = 2 sin x cos x

They are the same.

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f ( θ ) = cos ( 2 θ ) , g ( θ ) = cos 2 θ sin 2 θ

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f ( θ ) = tan ( 2 θ ) , g ( θ ) = tan θ 1 + tan 2 θ

They are the different, try g ( θ ) = 2 tan θ 1 tan 2 θ .

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f ( x ) = sin ( 3 x ) sin x , g ( x ) = sin 2 ( 2 x ) cos 2 x cos 2 ( 2 x ) sin 2 x

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f ( x ) = tan ( x ) , g ( x ) = tan x tan ( 2 x ) 1 tan x tan ( 2 x )

They are different, try g ( x ) = tan x tan ( 2 x ) 1 + tan x tan ( 2 x ) .

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Technology

For the following exercises, find the exact value algebraically, and then confirm the answer with a calculator to the fourth decimal point.

sin ( 195 )

3 1 2 2 ,  or  0.2588

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cos ( 345 )

1 + 3 2 2 , or 0.9659

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Extensions

For the following exercises, prove the identities provided.

tan ( x + π 4 ) = tan x + 1 1 tan x

tan ( x + π 4 ) = tan x + tan ( π 4 ) 1 tan x tan ( π 4 ) = tan x + 1 1 tan x ( 1 ) = tan x + 1 1 tan x

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tan ( a + b ) tan ( a b ) = sin a cos a + sin b cos b sin a cos a sin b cos b

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cos ( a + b ) cos a cos b = 1 tan a tan b

cos ( a + b ) cos a cos b = cos a cos b cos a cos b sin a sin b cos a cos b = 1 tan a tan b

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cos ( x + y ) cos ( x y ) = cos 2 x sin 2 y

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cos ( x + h ) cos x h = cos x cos h 1 h sin x sin h h

cos ( x + h ) cos x h = cos x cosh sin x sinh cos x h = cos x ( cosh 1 ) sin x sinh h = cos x cos h 1 h sin x sin h h

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For the following exercises, prove or disprove the statements.

tan ( u + v ) = tan u + tan v 1 tan u tan v

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tan ( u v ) = tan u tan v 1 + tan u tan v

True

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tan ( x + y ) 1 + tan x tan x = tan x + tan y 1 tan 2 x tan 2 y

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If α , β , and γ are angles in the same triangle, then prove or disprove sin ( α + β ) = sin γ .

True. Note that sin ( α + β ) = sin ( π γ ) and expand the right hand side.

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If α , β , and y are angles in the same triangle, then prove or disprove tan α + tan β + tan γ = tan α tan β tan γ

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Questions & Answers

how did you get 1640
Noor Reply
If auger is pair are the roots of equation x2+5x-3=0
Peter Reply
Wayne and Dennis like to ride the bike path from Riverside Park to the beach. Dennis’s speed is seven miles per hour faster than Wayne’s speed, so it takes Wayne 2 hours to ride to the beach while it takes Dennis 1.5 hours for the ride. Find the speed of both bikers.
MATTHEW Reply
420
Sharon
from theory: distance [miles] = speed [mph] × time [hours] info #1 speed_Dennis × 1.5 = speed_Wayne × 2 => speed_Wayne = 0.75 × speed_Dennis (i) info #2 speed_Dennis = speed_Wayne + 7 [mph] (ii) use (i) in (ii) => [...] speed_Dennis = 28 mph speed_Wayne = 21 mph
George
Let W be Wayne's speed in miles per hour and D be Dennis's speed in miles per hour. We know that W + 7 = D and W * 2 = D * 1.5. Substituting the first equation into the second: W * 2 = (W + 7) * 1.5 W * 2 = W * 1.5 + 7 * 1.5 0.5 * W = 7 * 1.5 W = 7 * 3 or 21 W is 21 D = W + 7 D = 21 + 7 D = 28
Salma
Devon is 32 32​​ years older than his son, Milan. The sum of both their ages is 54 54​. Using the variables d d​ and m m​ to represent the ages of Devon and Milan, respectively, write a system of equations to describe this situation. Enter the equations below, separated by a comma.
Aaron Reply
find product (-6m+6) ( 3m²+4m-3)
SIMRAN Reply
-42m²+60m-18
Salma
what is the solution
bill
how did you arrive at this answer?
bill
-24m+3+3mÁ^2
Susan
i really want to learn
Amira
I only got 42 the rest i don't know how to solve it. Please i need help from anyone to help me improve my solving mathematics please
Amira
Hw did u arrive to this answer.
Aphelele
hi
Bajemah
-6m(3mA²+4m-3)+6(3mA²+4m-3) =-18m²A²-24m²+18m+18mA²+24m-18 Rearrange like items -18m²A²-24m²+42m+18A²-18
Salma
complete the table of valuesfor each given equatio then graph. 1.x+2y=3
Jovelyn Reply
x=3-2y
Salma
y=x+3/2
Salma
Hi
Enock
given that (7x-5):(2+4x)=8:7find the value of x
Nandala
3x-12y=18
Kelvin
please why isn't that the 0is in ten thousand place
Grace Reply
please why is it that the 0is in the place of ten thousand
Grace
Send the example to me here and let me see
Stephen
A meditation garden is in the shape of a right triangle, with one leg 7 feet. The length of the hypotenuse is one more than the length of one of the other legs. Find the lengths of the hypotenuse and the other leg
Marry Reply
how far
Abubakar
cool u
Enock
state in which quadrant or on which axis each of the following angles given measure. in standard position would lie 89°
Abegail Reply
hello
BenJay
hi
Method
I am eliacin, I need your help in maths
Rood
how can I help
Sir
hmm can we speak here?
Amoon
however, may I ask you some questions about Algarba?
Amoon
hi
Enock
what the last part of the problem mean?
Roger
The Jones family took a 15 mile canoe ride down the Indian River in three hours. After lunch, the return trip back up the river took five hours. Find the rate, in mph, of the canoe in still water and the rate of the current.
cameron Reply
Shakir works at a computer store. His weekly pay will be either a fixed amount, $925, or $500 plus 12% of his total sales. How much should his total sales be for his variable pay option to exceed the fixed amount of $925.
mahnoor Reply
I'm guessing, but it's somewhere around $4335.00 I think
Lewis
12% of sales will need to exceed 925 - 500, or 425 to exceed fixed amount option. What amount of sales does that equal? 425 ÷ (12÷100) = 3541.67. So the answer is sales greater than 3541.67. Check: Sales = 3542 Commission 12%=425.04 Pay = 500 + 425.04 = 925.04. 925.04 > 925.00
Munster
difference between rational and irrational numbers
Arundhati Reply
When traveling to Great Britain, Bethany exchanged $602 US dollars into £515 British pounds. How many pounds did she receive for each US dollar?
Jakoiya Reply
how to reduced echelon form
Solomon Reply
Jazmine trained for 3 hours on Saturday. She ran 8 miles and then biked 24 miles. Her biking speed is 4 mph faster than her running speed. What is her running speed?
Zack Reply
d=r×t the equation would be 8/r+24/r+4=3 worked out
Sheirtina
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Source:  OpenStax, Precalculus. OpenStax CNX. Jan 19, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11667/1.6
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