<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >

How can the graph of y = cos x be used to construct the graph of y = sec x ?

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Explain why the period of tan x is equal to π .

Answers will vary. Using the unit circle, one can show that tan ( x + π ) = tan x .

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Why are there no intercepts on the graph of y = csc x ?

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

How does the period of y = csc x compare with the period of y = sin x ?

The period is the same: 2 π .

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Algebraic

For the following exercises, match each trigonometric function with one of the following graphs.

Trigonometric graph of tangent of x. Trigonometric graph of secant of x. Trigonometric graph of cosecant of x. Trigonometric graph of cotangent of x.

For the following exercises, find the period and horizontal shift of each of the functions.

f ( x ) = 2 tan ( 4 x 32 )

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

h ( x ) = 2 sec ( π 4 ( x + 1 ) )

period: 8; horizontal shift: 1 unit to left

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

m ( x ) = 6 csc ( π 3 x + π )

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

If tan x = 1.5 , find tan ( x ) .

1.5

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

If sec x = 2 , find sec ( x ) .

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

If csc x = 5 , find csc ( x ) .

5

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

If x sin x = 2 , find ( x ) sin ( x ) .

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

For the following exercises, rewrite each expression such that the argument x is positive.

cot ( x ) cos ( x ) + sin ( x )

cot x cos x sin x

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

cos ( x ) + tan ( x ) sin ( x )

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Graphical

For the following exercises, sketch two periods of the graph for each of the following functions. Identify the stretching factor, period, and asymptotes.

f ( x ) = 2 tan ( 4 x 32 )

A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. There are two vertical asymptotes.

stretching factor: 2; period:   π 4 ;   asymptotes:   x = 1 4 ( π 2 + π k ) + 8 ,  where  k  is an integer

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

h ( x ) = 2 sec ( π 4 ( x + 1 ) )

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

m ( x ) = 6 csc ( π 3 x + π )

A graph of two periods of a modified cosecant function. Vertical Asymptotes at x= -6, -3, 0, 3, and 6.

stretching factor: 6; period: 6; asymptotes:   x = 3 k ,  where  k  is an integer

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

j ( x ) = tan ( π 2 x )

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

p ( x ) = tan ( x π 2 )

A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Vertical asymptotes at multiples of pi.

stretching factor: 1; period:   π ;   asymptotes:   x = π k ,  where  k  is an integer

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = tan ( x + π 4 )

A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Three vertical asymptiotes shown.

Stretching factor: 1; period:   π ;   asymptotes:   x = π 4 + π k ,  where  k  is an integer

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = π tan ( π x π ) π

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = 2 csc ( x )

A graph of two periods of a modified cosecant function. Vertical asymptotes at multiples of pi.

stretching factor: 2; period:   2 π ;   asymptotes:   x = π k ,  where  k  is an integer

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = 1 4 csc ( x )

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = 4 sec ( 3 x )

A graph of two periods of a modified secant function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-pi/2, -pi/6, pi/6, and pi/2.

stretching factor: 4; period:   2 π 3 ;   asymptotes:   x = π 6 k ,  where  k  is an odd integer

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = 3 cot ( 2 x )

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = 7 sec ( 5 x )

A graph of two periods of a modified secant function. There are four vertical asymptotes all pi/5 apart.

stretching factor: 7; period:   2 π 5 ;   asymptotes:   x = π 10 k ,  where  k  is an odd integer

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = 9 10 csc ( π x )

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = 2 csc ( x + π 4 ) 1

A graph of two periods of a modified cosecant function. Three vertical asymptotes, each pi apart.

stretching factor: 2; period:   2 π ;   asymptotes:   x = π 4 + π k ,  where  k  is an integer

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = sec ( x π 3 ) 2

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = 7 5 csc ( x π 4 )

A graph of a modified cosecant function. Four vertical asymptotes.

stretching factor:   7 5 ;   period:   2 π ;   asymptotes:   x = π 4 + π k ,  where  k  is an integer

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = 5 ( cot ( x + π 2 ) 3 )

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

For the following exercises, find and graph two periods of the periodic function with the given stretching factor, | A | , period, and phase shift.

A tangent curve, A = 1 , period of π 3 ; and phase shift ( h , k ) = ( π 4 , 2 )

y = tan ( 3 ( x π 4 ) ) + 2

A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-pi/4 and pi/12.
Got questions? Get instant answers now!

A tangent curve, A = −2 , period of π 4 , and phase shift ( h , k ) = ( π 4 , −2 )

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

For the following exercises, find an equation for the graph of each function.

graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-0.005 and x=0.005.

f ( x ) = 1 2 tan ( 100 π x )

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Technology

For the following exercises, use a graphing calculator to graph two periods of the given function. Note: most graphing calculators do not have a cosecant button; therefore, you will need to input csc x as 1 sin x .

f ( x ) = csc ( x ) sec ( x )

A graph of tangent of x.
Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Graph f ( x ) = 1 + sec 2 ( x ) tan 2 ( x ) . What is the function shown in the graph?

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = sec ( 0.001 x )

A graph of two periods of a modified secant function. Vertical asymptotes at multiples of 500pi.
Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = cot ( 100 π x )

Got questions? Get instant answers now!

f ( x ) = sin 2 x + cos 2 x

A graph of y=1.
Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Real-world applications

The function f ( x ) = 20 tan ( π 10 x ) marks the distance in the movement of a light beam from a police car across a wall for time x , in seconds, and distance f ( x ) , in feet.

  1. Graph on the interval [ 0 , 5 ] .
  2. Find and interpret the stretching factor, period, and asymptote.
  3. Evaluate f ( 1 ) and f ( 2.5 ) and discuss the function’s values at those inputs.
Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Standing on the shore of a lake, a fisherman sights a boat far in the distance to his left. Let x , measured in radians, be the angle formed by the line of sight to the ship and a line due north from his position. Assume due north is 0 and x is measured negative to the left and positive to the right. (See [link] .) The boat travels from due west to due east and, ignoring the curvature of the Earth, the distance d ( x ) , in kilometers, from the fisherman to the boat is given by the function d ( x ) = 1.5 sec ( x ) .

  1. What is a reasonable domain for d ( x ) ?
  2. Graph d ( x ) on this domain.
  3. Find and discuss the meaning of any vertical asymptotes on the graph of d ( x ) .
  4. Calculate and interpret d ( π 3 ) . Round to the second decimal place.
  5. Calculate and interpret d ( π 6 ) . Round to the second decimal place.
  6. What is the minimum distance between the fisherman and the boat? When does this occur?
An illustration of a man and the distance he is away from a boat.
  1. ( π 2 , π 2 ) ;
  2. A graph of a half period of a secant function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-pi/2 and pi/2.
  3. x = π 2 and x = π 2 ; the distance grows without bound as | x | approaches π 2 —i.e., at right angles to the line representing due north, the boat would be so far away, the fisherman could not see it;
  4. 3; when x = π 3 , the boat is 3 km away;
  5. 1.73; when x = π 6 , the boat is about 1.73 km away;
  6. 1.5 km; when x = 0
Got questions? Get instant answers now!

A laser rangefinder is locked on a comet approaching Earth. The distance g ( x ) , in kilometers, of the comet after x days, for x in the interval 0 to 30 days, is given by g ( x ) = 250,000 csc ( π 30 x ) .

  1. Graph g ( x ) on the interval [ 0 , 35 ] .
  2. Evaluate g ( 5 ) and interpret the information.
  3. What is the minimum distance between the comet and Earth? When does this occur? To which constant in the equation does this correspond?
  4. Find and discuss the meaning of any vertical asymptotes.
Got questions? Get instant answers now!

A video camera is focused on a rocket on a launching pad 2 miles from the camera. The angle of elevation from the ground to the rocket after x seconds is π 120 x .

  1. Write a function expressing the altitude h ( x ) , in miles, of the rocket above the ground after x seconds. Ignore the curvature of the Earth.
  2. Graph h ( x ) on the interval ( 0 , 60 ) .
  3. Evaluate and interpret the values h ( 0 ) and h ( 30 ) .
  4. What happens to the values of h ( x ) as x approaches 60 seconds? Interpret the meaning of this in terms of the problem.
  1. h ( x ) = 2 tan ( π 120 x ) ;
  2. An exponentially increasing function with a vertical asymptote at x=60.
  3. h ( 0 ) = 0 : after 0 seconds, the rocket is 0 mi above the ground; h ( 30 ) = 2 : after 30 seconds, the rockets is 2 mi high;
  4. As x approaches 60 seconds, the values of h ( x ) grow increasingly large. The distance to the rocket is growing so large that the camera can no longer track it.
Got questions? Get instant answers now!

Questions & Answers

how to study physic and understand
Ewa Reply
what is conservative force with examples
Moses
what is work
Fredrick Reply
the transfer of energy by a force that causes an object to be displaced; the product of the component of the force in the direction of the displacement and the magnitude of the displacement
AI-Robot
why is it from light to gravity
Esther Reply
difference between model and theory
Esther
Is the ship moving at a constant velocity?
Kamogelo Reply
The full note of modern physics
aluet Reply
introduction to applications of nuclear physics
aluet Reply
the explanation is not in full details
Moses Reply
I need more explanation or all about kinematics
Moses
yes
zephaniah
I need more explanation or all about nuclear physics
aluet
Show that the equal masses particles emarge from collision at right angle by making explicit used of fact that momentum is a vector quantity
Muhammad Reply
yh
Isaac
A wave is described by the function D(x,t)=(1.6cm) sin[(1.2cm^-1(x+6.8cm/st] what are:a.Amplitude b. wavelength c. wave number d. frequency e. period f. velocity of speed.
Majok Reply
what is frontier of physics
Somto Reply
A body is projected upward at an angle 45° 18minutes with the horizontal with an initial speed of 40km per second. In hoe many seconds will the body reach the ground then how far from the point of projection will it strike. At what angle will the horizontal will strike
Gufraan Reply
Suppose hydrogen and oxygen are diffusing through air. A small amount of each is released simultaneously. How much time passes before the hydrogen is 1.00 s ahead of the oxygen? Such differences in arrival times are used as an analytical tool in gas chromatography.
Ezekiel Reply
please explain
Samuel
what's the definition of physics
Mobolaji Reply
what is physics
Nangun Reply
the science concerned with describing the interactions of energy, matter, space, and time; it is especially interested in what fundamental mechanisms underlie every phenomenon
AI-Robot
what is isotopes
Nangun Reply
nuclei having the same Z and different N s
AI-Robot
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Precalculus. OpenStax CNX. Jan 19, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11667/1.6
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Precalculus' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask