# 4.8 Fitting exponential models to data  (Page 4/12)

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## Using logarithmic regression to fit a model to data

Due to advances in medicine and higher standards of living, life expectancy has been increasing in most developed countries since the beginning of the 20th century.

[link] shows the average life expectancies, in years, of Americans from 1900–2010 Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013 .

 Year 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 Life Expectancy(Years) 47.3 50 54.1 59.7 62.9 68.2 Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Life Expectancy(Years) 69.7 70.8 73.7 75.4 76.8 78.7
1. Let $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ represent time in decades starting with $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x=1\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ for the year 1900, $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x=2\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ for the year 1910, and so on. Let $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ represent the corresponding life expectancy. Use logarithmic regression to fit a model to these data.
2. Use the model to predict the average American life expectancy for the year 2030.
1. Using the STAT then EDIT menu on a graphing utility, list the years using values 1–12 in L1 and the corresponding life expectancy in L2. Then use the STATPLOT feature to verify that the scatterplot follows a logarithmic pattern as shown in [link] :

Use the “LnReg” command from the STAT then CALC menu to obtain the logarithmic model,

$y=42.52722583+13.85752327\mathrm{ln}\left(x\right)$

Next, graph the model in the same window as the scatterplot to verify it is a good fit as shown in [link] :

2. To predict the life expectancy of an American in the year 2030, substitute $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x=14\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ for the in the model and solve for $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y:$

If life expectancy continues to increase at this pace, the average life expectancy of an American will be 79.1 by the year 2030.

Sales of a video game released in the year 2000 took off at first, but then steadily slowed as time moved on. [link] shows the number of games sold, in thousands, from the years 2000–2010.

 Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Number Sold (thousands) 142 149 154 155 159 161 Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 - Number Sold (thousands) 163 164 164 166 167 -
1. Let $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ represent time in years starting with $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x=1\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ for the year 2000. Let $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ represent the number of games sold in thousands. Use logarithmic regression to fit a model to these data.
2. If games continue to sell at this rate, how many games will sell in 2015? Round to the nearest thousand.
1. The logarithmic regression model that fits these data is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y=141.91242949+10.45366573\mathrm{ln}\left(x\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$
2. If sales continue at this rate, about 171,000 games will be sold in the year 2015.

## Building a logistic model from data

Like exponential and logarithmic growth, logistic growth increases over time. One of the most notable differences with logistic growth models is that, at a certain point, growth steadily slows and the function approaches an upper bound, or limiting value . Because of this, logistic regression is best for modeling phenomena where there are limits in expansion, such as availability of living space or nutrients.

It is worth pointing out that logistic functions actually model resource-limited exponential growth. There are many examples of this type of growth in real-world situations, including population growth and spread of disease, rumors, and even stains in fabric. When performing logistic regression analysis , we use the form most commonly used on graphing utilities:

what is set?
a colony of bacteria is growing exponentially doubling in size every 100 minutes. how much minutes will it take for the colony of bacteria to triple in size
I got 300 minutes. is it right?
Patience
no. should be about 150 minutes.
Jason
It should be 158.5 minutes.
Mr
ok, thanks
Patience
100•3=300 300=50•2^x 6=2^x x=log_2(6) =2.5849625 so, 300=50•2^2.5849625 and, so, the # of bacteria will double every (100•2.5849625) = 258.49625 minutes
Thomas
what is the importance knowing the graph of circular functions?
can get some help basic precalculus
What do you need help with?
Andrew
how to convert general to standard form with not perfect trinomial
can get some help inverse function
ismail
Rectangle coordinate
how to find for x
it depends on the equation
Robert
yeah, it does. why do we attempt to gain all of them one side or the other?
Melissa
whats a domain
The domain of a function is the set of all input on which the function is defined. For example all real numbers are the Domain of any Polynomial function.
Spiro
Spiro; thanks for putting it out there like that, 😁
Melissa
foci (–7,–17) and (–7,17), the absolute value of the differenceof the distances of any point from the foci is 24.
difference between calculus and pre calculus?
give me an example of a problem so that I can practice answering
x³+y³+z³=42
Robert
dont forget the cube in each variable ;)
Robert
of she solves that, well ... then she has a lot of computational force under her command ....
Walter
what is a function?
I want to learn about the law of exponent
explain this
what is functions?
A mathematical relation such that every input has only one out.
Spiro
yes..it is a relationo of orders pairs of sets one or more input that leads to a exactly one output.
Mubita
Is a rule that assigns to each element X in a set A exactly one element, called F(x), in a set B.
RichieRich