# 7.6 Modeling with trigonometric equations  (Page 2/14)

 Page 2 / 14

## Finding the amplitude and period of a function

Find the amplitude and period of the following functions and graph one cycle.

1. $y=2\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{sin}\left(\frac{1}{4}x\right)$
2. $y=-3\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{sin}\left(2x+\frac{\pi }{2}\right)$
3. $y=\mathrm{cos}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x+3$

We will solve these problems according to the models.

1. involves sine, so we use the form
$y=A\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{sin}\left(Bt+C\right)+D$

We know that is the amplitude, so the amplitude is 2. Period is so the period is

See the graph in [link] .

2. involves sine, so we use the form
$y=A\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{sin}\left(Bt-C\right)+D$

Amplitude is so the amplitude is Since is negative, the graph is reflected over the x -axis. Period is so the period is

$\frac{2\pi }{B}=\frac{2\pi }{2}=\pi$

The graph is shifted to the left by units. See [link] .

3. involves cosine, so we use the form
$y=A\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{cos}\left(Bt±C\right)+D$

Amplitude is so the amplitude is 1. The period is See [link] . This is the standard cosine function shifted up three units.

What are the amplitude and period of the function

The amplitude is and the period is

## Finding equations and graphing sinusoidal functions

One method of graphing sinusoidal functions is to find five key points. These points will correspond to intervals of equal length representing of the period. The key points will indicate the location of maximum and minimum values. If there is no vertical shift, they will also indicate x -intercepts. For example, suppose we want to graph the function We know that the period is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}2\pi ,$ so we find the interval between key points as follows.

$\frac{2\pi }{4}=\frac{\pi }{2}$

Starting with we calculate the first y- value, add the length of the interval to 0, and calculate the second y -value. We then add repeatedly until the five key points are determined. The last value should equal the first value, as the calculations cover one full period. Making a table similar to [link] , we can see these key points clearly on the graph shown in [link] .

 $\theta$ $0$ $\frac{\pi }{2}$ $\pi$ $\frac{3\pi }{2}$ $2\pi$ $y=\mathrm{cos}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\theta$ $1$ $0$ $-1$ $0$ $1$

## Graphing sinusoidal functions using key points

Graph the function using amplitude, period, and key points.

The amplitude is The period is (Recall that we sometimes refer to as One cycle of the graph can be drawn over the interval To find the key points, we divide the period by 4. Make a table similar to [link] , starting with and then adding successively to and calculate See the graph in [link] .

 $x$ $0$ $\frac{1}{2}$ $1$ $\frac{3}{2}$ $2$ $y=-4\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{cos}\left(\pi x\right)$ $-4$ $0$ $4$ $0$ $-4$

Graph the function using the amplitude, period, and five key points.

x $3\mathrm{sin}\left(3x\right)$
0 0
$\frac{\pi }{6}$ 3
$\frac{\pi }{3}$ 0
$\frac{\pi }{2}$ $-3$
$\frac{2\pi }{3}$ 0

## Modeling periodic behavior

We will now apply these ideas to problems involving periodic behavior.

## Modeling an equation and sketching a sinusoidal graph to fit criteria

The average monthly temperatures for a small town in Oregon are given in [link] . Find a sinusoidal function of the form $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y=A\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{sin}\left(Bt-C\right)+D\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ that fits the data (round to the nearest tenth) and sketch the graph.

Month Temperature, ${}^{\text{o}}\text{F}$
January 42.5
February 44.5
March 48.5
April 52.5
May 58
June 63
July 68.5
August 69
September 64.5
October 55.5
November 46.5
December 43.5

Recall that amplitude is found using the formula

Thus, the amplitude is

The data covers a period of 12 months, so $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{2\pi }{B}=12\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ which gives $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}B=\frac{2\pi }{12}=\frac{\pi }{6}.$

The vertical shift is found using the following equation.

Thus, the vertical shift is

So far, we have the equation $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y=13.3\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{sin}\left(\frac{\pi }{6}x-C\right)+55.8.$

To find the horizontal shift, we input the $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ values for the first month and solve for $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}C.$

We have the equation $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y=13.3\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{sin}\left(\frac{\pi }{6}x-\frac{2\pi }{3}\right)+55.8.\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ See the graph in [link] .

can I get some pretty basic questions
In what way does set notation relate to function notation
Ama
is precalculus needed to take caculus
It depends on what you already know. Just test yourself with some precalculus questions. If you find them easy, you're good to go.
Spiro
the solution doesn't seem right for this problem
what is the domain of f(x)=x-4/x^2-2x-15 then
x is different from -5&3
Seid
how to prroved cos⁴x-sin⁴x= cos²x-sin²x are equal
Don't think that you can.
Elliott
how do you provided cos⁴x-sin⁴x = cos²x-sin²x are equal
What are the question marks for?
Elliott
Someone should please solve it for me Add 2over ×+3 +y-4 over 5 simplify (×+a)with square root of two -×root 2 all over a multiply 1over ×-y{(×-y)(×+y)} over ×y
For the first question, I got (3y-2)/15 Second one, I got Root 2 Third one, I got 1/(y to the fourth power) I dont if it's right cause I can barely understand the question.
Is under distribute property, inverse function, algebra and addition and multiplication function; so is a combined question
Abena
find the equation of the line if m=3, and b=-2
graph the following linear equation using intercepts method. 2x+y=4
Ashley
how
Wargod
what?
John
ok, one moment
UriEl
how do I post your graph for you?
UriEl
it won't let me send an image?
UriEl
also for the first one... y=mx+b so.... y=3x-2
UriEl
y=mx+b you were already given the 'm' and 'b'. so.. y=3x-2
Tommy
Please were did you get y=mx+b from
Abena
y=mx+b is the formula of a straight line. where m = the slope & b = where the line crosses the y-axis. In this case, being that the "m" and "b", are given, all you have to do is plug them into the formula to complete the equation.
Tommy
thanks Tommy
Nimo
0=3x-2 2=3x x=3/2 then . y=3/2X-2 I think
Given
co ordinates for x x=0,(-2,0) x=1,(1,1) x=2,(2,4)
neil
"7"has an open circle and "10"has a filled in circle who can I have a set builder notation
x=-b+_Гb2-(4ac) ______________ 2a
I've run into this: x = r*cos(angle1 + angle2) Which expands to: x = r(cos(angle1)*cos(angle2) - sin(angle1)*sin(angle2)) The r value confuses me here, because distributing it makes: (r*cos(angle2))(cos(angle1) - (r*sin(angle2))(sin(angle1)) How does this make sense? Why does the r distribute once
so good
abdikarin
this is an identity when 2 adding two angles within a cosine. it's called the cosine sum formula. there is also a different formula when cosine has an angle minus another angle it's called the sum and difference formulas and they are under any list of trig identities
strategies to form the general term
carlmark
consider r(a+b) = ra + rb. The a and b are the trig identity.
Mike
How can you tell what type of parent function a graph is ?
generally by how the graph looks and understanding what the base parent functions look like and perform on a graph
William
if you have a graphed line, you can have an idea by how the directions of the line turns, i.e. negative, positive, zero
William
y=x will obviously be a straight line with a zero slope
William
y=x^2 will have a parabolic line opening to positive infinity on both sides of the y axis vice versa with y=-x^2 you'll have both ends of the parabolic line pointing downward heading to negative infinity on both sides of the y axis
William
y=x will be a straight line, but it will have a slope of one. Remember, if y=1 then x=1, so for every unit you rise you move over positively one unit. To get a straight line with a slope of 0, set y=1 or any integer.
Aaron
yes, correction on my end, I meant slope of 1 instead of slope of 0
William
what is f(x)=
I don't understand
Joe
Typically a function 'f' will take 'x' as input, and produce 'y' as output. As 'f(x)=y'. According to Google, "The range of a function is the complete set of all possible resulting values of the dependent variable (y, usually), after we have substituted the domain."
Thomas
Sorry, I don't know where the "Â"s came from. They shouldn't be there. Just ignore them. :-)
Thomas
Darius
Thanks.
Thomas
Â
Thomas
It is the Â that should not be there. It doesn't seem to show if encloses in quotation marks. "Â" or 'Â' ... Â
Thomas
Now it shows, go figure?
Thomas
what is this?
i do not understand anything
unknown
lol...it gets better
Darius
I've been struggling so much through all of this. my final is in four weeks 😭
Tiffany
this book is an excellent resource! have you guys ever looked at the online tutoring? there's one that is called "That Tutor Guy" and he goes over a lot of the concepts
Darius
thank you I have heard of him. I should check him out.
Tiffany
is there any question in particular?
Joe
I have always struggled with math. I get lost really easy, if you have any advice for that, it would help tremendously.
Tiffany
Sure, are you in high school or college?
Darius
Hi, apologies for the delayed response. I'm in college.
Tiffany
how to solve polynomial using a calculator