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0.3 Fundamental constants

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Note: These constants are the values recommended in 2006 by CODATA, based on a least-squares adjustment of data from different measurements. The numbers in parentheses for the values represent the uncertainties of the last two digits.
Fundamental constants
Quantity Symbol Value
Atomic mass unit u 1.660 538 782 ( 83 ) × 10 −27 kg 931.494 028 ( 23 ) MeV/ c 2
Avogadro’s number N A 6.022 141 79 ( 30 ) × 10 23 particles/mol
Bohr magneton μ B = e ℏ 2 m e 9.274 009 15 ( 23 ) × 10 −24 J/T
Bohr radius a 0 = ℏ 2 m e e 2 k e 5.291 772 085 9 ( 36 ) × 10 −11 m
Boltzmann’s constant k B = R N A 1.380 650 4 ( 24 ) × 10 −23 J/K
Compton wavelength λ C = h m e c 2.426 310 217 5 ( 33 ) × 10 −12 m
Coulomb constant k e = 1 4 π ε 0 8.987 551 788... × 10 9 N · m 2 /C 2 ( exact )
Deuteron mass m d 3.343 583 20 ( 17 ) × 10 −27 kg 2.013 553 212 724 ( 78 ) u 1875.612 859 MeV/ c 2
Electron mass m e 9.109 382 15 ( 45 ) × 10 −31 kg 5.485 799 094 3 ( 23 ) × 10 −4 u 0.510 998 910 ( 13 ) MeV/ c 2
Electron volt eV 1.602 176 487 ( 40 ) × 10 −19 J
Elementary charge e 1.602 176 487 ( 40 ) × 10 −19 C
Gas constant R 8.314 472 ( 15 ) J/mol · K
Gravitational constant G 6.674 28 ( 67 ) × 10 −11 N · m 2 /kg 2
Neutron mass m n 1.674 927 211 ( 84 ) × 10 −27 kg 1.008 664 915 97 ( 43 ) u 939.565 346 ( 23 ) MeV/ c 2
Nuclear magneton μ n = e ℏ 2 m p 5.050 783 24 ( 13 ) × 10 −27 J/T
Permeability of free space μ 0 4 π × 10 −7 T · m/A ( exact )
Permittivity of free space ε 0 = 1 μ 0 c 2 8.854 187 817... × 10 −12 C 2 / N · m 2 ( exact )
Planck’s constant h
ℏ = h 2 π 		6.626 068 96 ( 33 ) × 10 −34 J · s 1.054 571 628 ( 53 ) × 10 −34 J · s
Proton mass m p 1.672 621 637 ( 83 ) × 10 −27 kg 1.007 276 466 77 ( 10 ) u 938.272 013 ( 23 ) MeV/ c 2
Rydberg constant R H 1.097 373 156 852 7 ( 73 ) × 10 7 m −1
Speed of light in vacuum c 2.997 924 58 × 10 8 m/s ( exact )

Useful combinations of constants for calculations:

h c = 12,400 eV · Å = 1240 eV · nm = 1240 MeV · fm

ℏ c = 1973 eV · Å = 197.3 eV · nm = 197.3 MeV · fm

k e e 2 = 14.40 eV · Å = 1.440 eV · nm = 1.440 MeV · fm

k B T = 0.02585 eV at T = 300 K

Questions & Answers

what is force
Afework Reply
The different examples for collision
Afework
What is polarization and there are type
Muhammed Reply
Polarization is the process of transforming unpolarized light into polarized light. types of polarization 1. linear polarization. 2. circular polarization. 3. elliptical polarization.
Eze
Describe what you would see when looking at a body whose temperature is increased from 1000 K to 1,000,000 K
Aishwarya Reply
how is tan ninety minus an angle equals to cot an angle?
Niicommey Reply
please I don't understand all about this things going on here
Jeremiah Reply
What is torque?
Matthew Reply
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment, moment of force, rotational force or turning effect, depending on the field of study.
Teka
Torque refers to the rotational force. i.e Torque = Force × radius.
Arun
Torque is the rotational equivalent of force . Specifically, it is a force exerted at a distance from an object's axis of rotation. In the same way that a force applied to an object will cause it to move linearly, a torque applied to an object will cause it to rotate around a pivot point.
Teka
Torque is the rotational equivalence of force . So, a net torque will cause an object to rotate with an angular acceleration. Because all rotational motions have an axis of rotation, a torque must be defined about a rotational axis. A torque is a force applied to a point on an object about the axis
Teka
When a missle is shot from one spaceship towards another, it leaves the first at 0.950c and approaches the other at 0.750c. what is the relative velocity of the two shipd
Marifel Reply
how to convert:m^3/s^2 all divided by kg to cm^3/s^2
Thibaza Reply
Is there any proof of existence of luminiferious aether ?
Zero Reply
mass conversion of 58.73kg =mg
Proactive Reply
is Space time fabric real
Godawari Reply
What's the relationship between the work function and the cut off frequency in the diagram above?
frankline Reply
due to the upthrust weight of the object varise with force in which the body fall into the water pendincular with the reflection of light with it
Gift
n=I/r
Gift
can someone explain what is going on here
falanga
so some pretty easy physics questions bring em
falanga
what is meant by fluctuated
Olasukanmi Reply
If n=cv then how v=cn? and if n=c/v then how v=cn?
Natanim
convert feet to metre
Mbah Reply
what is electrolysis
Mbah
Electrolysis is the chemical decomposition of electrolyte either in molten state or solution to conduct electricity
Ayomide
class ninekasindhtextbookurdusave
Ayesha Reply
can someone help explain why v2/c2 is =1/2 Using The Lorentz Transformation For Time Spacecraft S′ is on its way to Alpha Centauri when Spacecraft S passes it at relative speed c /2. The captain of S′ sends a radio signal that lasts 1.2 s according to that ship’s clock. Use the Lorentz transformati
Jennifer
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Source:  OpenStax, University physics volume 3. OpenStax CNX. Nov 04, 2016 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col12067/1.4
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