# 14.6 Rlc series circuits  (Page 3/4)

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A rectangular toroid with inner radius ${R}_{1}=7.0\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{cm,}$ outer radius ${R}_{2}=9.0\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{cm}$ , height $h=3.0$ , and $N=3000$ turns is filled with an iron core of magnetic susceptibility $5.2\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{10}^{3}$ . (a) What is the self-inductance of the toroid? (b) If the current through the toroid is 2.0 A, what is the magnetic field at the center of the core? (c) For this same 2.0-A current, what is the effective surface current formed by the aligned atomic current loops in the iron core?

The switch S of the circuit shown below is closed at $t=0$ . Determine (a) the initial current through the battery and (b) the steady-state current through the battery.

a. 0 A; b. 2.4 A

In an oscillating RLC circuit, $R=7.0\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ω},L=10\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{mH},\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}C=3.0\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mu \text{F}$ . Initially, the capacitor has a charge of $8.0\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mu \text{C}$ and the current is zero. Calculate the charge on the capacitor (a) five cycles later and (b) 50 cycles later.

A 25.0-H inductor has 100 A of current turned off in 1.00 ms. (a) What voltage is induced to oppose this? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumption or premise is responsible?

a. $2.50\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{V}$ ; (b) The voltage is so extremely high that arcing would occur and the current would not be reduced so rapidly. (c) It is not reasonable to shut off such a large current in such a large inductor in such an extremely short time.

## Challenge problems

A coaxial cable has an inner conductor of radius a, and outer thin cylindrical shell of radius b. A current I flows in the inner conductor and returns in the outer conductor. The self-inductance of the structure will depend on how the current in the inner cylinder tends to be distributed. Investigate the following two extreme cases. (a) Let current in the inner conductor be distributed only on the surface and find the self-inductance. (b) Let current in the inner cylinder be distributed uniformly over its cross-section and find the self-inductance. Compare with your results in (a).

In a damped oscillating circuit the energy is dissipated in the resistor. The Q -factor is a measure of the persistence of the oscillator against the dissipative loss. (a) Prove that for a lightly damped circuit the energy, U , in the circuit decreases according to the following equation.

$\frac{dU}{dt}=-2\beta U,$ where $\beta =\frac{R}{2L}.$

(b) Using the definition of the Q -factor as energy divided by the loss over the next cycle, prove that Q -factor of a lightly damped oscillator as defined in this problem is 

$Q\equiv \frac{{U}_{\text{begin}}}{\text{Δ}{U}_{\text{one cycle}}}=\frac{1}{R}\sqrt{\frac{L}{C}}.$

( Hint: For (b), to obtain Q , divide E at the beginning of one cycle by the change $\text{Δ}E$ over the next cycle.)

proof

The switch in the circuit shown below is closed at $t=0\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{s}$ . Find currents through (a) ${R}_{1}$ , (b) ${R}_{2}$ , and (c) the battery as function of time.

A square loop of side 2 cm is placed 1 cm from a long wire carrying a current that varies with time at a constant rate of 3 A/s as shown below. (a) Use Ampère’s law and find the magnetic field as a function of time from the current in the wire. (b) Determine the magnetic flux through the loop. (c) If the loop has a resistance of $3\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ω}$ , how much induced current flows in the loop?

a. $\frac{dB}{dt}=6\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{10}^{-6}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{T/s;}$ b. $\text{Φ}=\frac{{\mu }_{0}aI}{2\pi }\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{ln}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\left(\frac{a+b}{b}\right)$ ; c. 4.0 nA

A rectangular copper ring, of mass 100 g and resistance $0.2\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ω}$ , is in a region of uniform magnetic field that is perpendicular to the area enclosed by the ring and horizontal to Earth’s surface. The ring is let go from rest when it is at the edge of the nonzero magnetic field region (see below). (a) Find its speed when the ring just exits the region of uniform magnetic field. (b) If it was let go at $t=0$ , what is the time when it exits the region of magnetic field for the following values: $a=25\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{cm},\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}b=50\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{cm},\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}B=3\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{T},\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{and}$ $g=9.8\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{m/s}}^{2}?$ Assume the magnetic field of the induced current is negligible compared to 3 T.

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