# 10.1 Rotational variables  (Page 4/11)

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$\alpha =\underset{\text{Δ}t\to 0}{\text{lim}}\frac{\text{Δ}\omega }{\text{Δ}t}=\frac{d\omega }{dt}=\frac{{d}^{2}\theta }{d{t}^{2}},$

where we have taken the limit of the average angular acceleration, $\stackrel{–}{\alpha }=\frac{\text{Δ}\omega }{\text{Δ}t}$ as $\text{Δ}t\to 0$ .

The units of angular acceleration are (rad/s)/s, or ${\text{rad/s}}^{2}$ .

In the same way as we defined the vector associated with angular velocity $\stackrel{\to }{\omega }$ , we can define $\stackrel{\to }{\alpha }$ , the vector associated with angular acceleration ( [link] ). If the angular velocity is along the positive z- axis, as in [link] , and $\frac{d\omega }{dt}$ is positive, then the angular acceleration $\stackrel{\to }{\alpha }$ is positive and points along the $+z\text{-}$ axis. Similarly, if the angular velocity $\stackrel{\to }{\omega }$ is along the positive z- axis and $\frac{d\omega }{dt}$ is negative, then the angular acceleration is negative and points along the $+z-$ axis.

We can express the tangential acceleration vector as a cross product of the angular acceleration and the position vector. This expression can be found by taking the time derivative of $\stackrel{\to }{v}=\stackrel{\to }{\omega }\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\stackrel{\to }{r}$ and is left as an exercise:

$\stackrel{\to }{\mathbf{\text{a}}}=\stackrel{\to }{\mathbf{\text{α}}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\stackrel{\to }{\mathbf{\text{r}}}.$

The vector relationships for the angular acceleration and tangential acceleration are shown in [link] .

We can relate the tangential acceleration of a point on a rotating body at a distance from the axis of rotation in the same way that we related the tangential speed to the angular velocity. If we differentiate [link] with respect to time, noting that the radius r is constant, we obtain

${a}_{\text{t}}=r\alpha .$

Thus, the tangential acceleration ${a}_{t}$ is the radius times the angular acceleration. [link] and [link] are important for the discussion of rolling motion (see Angular Momentum ).

Let’s apply these ideas to the analysis of a few simple fixed-axis rotation scenarios. Before doing so, we present a problem-solving strategy that can be applied to rotational kinematics: the description of rotational motion.

## Problem-solving strategy: rotational kinematics

1. Examine the situation to determine that rotational kinematics (rotational motion) is involved.
2. Identify exactly what needs to be determined in the problem (identify the unknowns). A sketch of the situation is useful.
3. Make a complete list of what is given or can be inferred from the problem as stated (identify the knowns).
4. Solve the appropriate equation or equations for the quantity to be determined (the unknown). It can be useful to think in terms of a translational analog, because by now you are familiar with the equations of translational motion.
5. Substitute the known values along with their units into the appropriate equation and obtain numerical solutions complete with units. Be sure to use units of radians for angles.

What is angular velocity
refer to how fast an object rotates ot revolve to another point
samson
An object undergoes constant acceleration after starting from rest and then travels 5m in the first seconds .determine how far it will go in the next seconds
x=x0+v0t+1/2at^2
Grant
what is the deference between precision and accuracy
ShAmy
In measurement of a set, accuracy refers to closeness of the measurements to a specific value, while precision refers to the closeness of the measurements to each other.
Grant
Thank you Mr..
ShAmy
Are there is a difference between Error and Relative Error...
ShAmy
An aircraft flies 300km due east and 600km due north. determine the magnitude of its displacement
670.8km
iyiola
which formula did you use
Sophy
X^2=300^2+600^2
iyiola
what is Fermat principle.
find the angle of projection at which the horizontal range is twice the maximum height of a projectile
impulse by height fomula
Hello
what is impulse?
impulse is the integral of a force (F),over the interval for which it act
Agbeyangi
What is significance of vector?
magnitude and direction
Chris
what is impulse?
the product of force and time
Robert
find the flow rate of a fluid of viscosity 0.0015N-s/m³ flowing through a pipe of radius 50cm and length 100m at a pressure differential of 200000N/m²
friend ,what is the equation your question
lasitha
What is victor
How are you all?
what is the formula for momentum?
p=mv
Grant
what is the formula for angular displacement ?
lasitha
angular displacement = l/r
anand
friend ,what is the " l "?
lasitha
I have another problem,what is the difference between pure chemistry and applied chemistry ?
lasitha
l stands for linear displacement and l>>r
anand
r stands for radius or position vector of particle
anand
pure chemistry is related to classical and basic concepts of chemistry while applied Chemistry deals with it's application oriented concepts and procedures.
anand
what is the deference between precision and accuracy?
ShAmy
I think in general both are same , more accuracy means more precise
anand
and lessor error
anand
friends,how to find correct applied chemistry notes?
lasitha
what are the main concepts of applied chemistry ?
lasitha
anand,can you give an example for angular displacement ?
lasitha
when any particle rotates or revolves about something , an axis or point ,then angle traversed is angular displacement
anand
like a revolving fan
anand
yeah ,I understood now, thanks!
lasitha
o need this application in French language
Why is it that the definition is not there
Bello
what is physics
the study of matter in relation to energy
Robert
Ampher law
Zia