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0.3 Fundamental constants

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Note: These constants are the values recommended in 2006 by CODATA, based on a least-squares adjustment of data from different measurements. The numbers in parentheses for the values represent the uncertainties of the last two digits.
Fundamental constants
Quantity Symbol Value
Atomic mass unit u 1.660 538 782 ( 83 ) × 10 −27 kg 931.494 028 ( 23 ) MeV/ c 2
Avogadro’s number N A 6.022 141 79 ( 30 ) × 10 23 particles/mol
Bohr magneton μ B = e ℏ 2 m e 9.274 009 15 ( 23 ) × 10 −24 J/T
Bohr radius a 0 = ℏ 2 m e e 2 k e 5.291 772 085 9 ( 36 ) × 10 −11 m
Boltzmann’s constant k B = R N A 1.380 650 4 ( 24 ) × 10 −23 J/K
Compton wavelength λ C = h m e c 2.426 310 217 5 ( 33 ) × 10 −12 m
Coulomb constant k e = 1 4 π ε 0 8.987 551 788... × 10 9 N · m 2 /C 2 ( exact )
Deuteron mass m d 3.343 583 20 ( 17 ) × 10 −27 kg 2.013 553 212 724 ( 78 ) u 1875.612 859 MeV/ c 2
Electron mass m e 9.109 382 15 ( 45 ) × 10 −31 kg 5.485 799 094 3 ( 23 ) × 10 −4 u 0.510 998 910 ( 13 ) MeV/ c 2
Electron volt eV 1.602 176 487 ( 40 ) × 10 −19 J
Elementary charge e 1.602 176 487 ( 40 ) × 10 −19 C
Gas constant R 8.314 472 ( 15 ) J/mol · K
Gravitational constant G 6.674 28 ( 67 ) × 10 −11 N · m 2 /kg 2
Neutron mass m n 1.674 927 211 ( 84 ) × 10 −27 kg 1.008 664 915 97 ( 43 ) u 939.565 346 ( 23 ) MeV/ c 2
Nuclear magneton μ n = e ℏ 2 m p 5.050 783 24 ( 13 ) × 10 −27 J/T
Permeability of free space μ 0 4 π × 10 −7 T · m/A ( exact )
Permittivity of free space ε 0 = 1 μ 0 c 2 8.854 187 817... × 10 −12 C 2 / N · m 2 ( exact )
Planck’s constant h
ℏ = h 2 π 		6.626 068 96 ( 33 ) × 10 −34 J · s 1.054 571 628 ( 53 ) × 10 −34 J · s
Proton mass m p 1.672 621 637 ( 83 ) × 10 −27 kg 1.007 276 466 77 ( 10 ) u 938.272 013 ( 23 ) MeV/ c 2
Rydberg constant R H 1.097 373 156 852 7 ( 73 ) × 10 7 m −1
Speed of light in vacuum c 2.997 924 58 × 10 8 m/s ( exact )

Useful combinations of constants for calculations:

h c = 12,400 eV · Å = 1240 eV · nm = 1240 MeV · fm

ℏ c = 1973 eV · Å = 197.3 eV · nm = 197.3 MeV · fm

k e e 2 = 14.40 eV · Å = 1.440 eV · nm = 1.440 MeV · fm

k B T = 0.02585 eV at T = 300 K

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Source:  OpenStax, University physics volume 1. OpenStax CNX. Sep 19, 2016 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col12031/1.5
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