0.3 Fundamental constants

University physics volume 1 Page 1 / 1

Note: These constants are the values recommended in 2006 by CODATA, based on a least-squares adjustment of data from different measurements. The numbers in parentheses for the values represent the uncertainties of the last two digits.

Fundamental constants
Quantity	Symbol	Value
Atomic mass unit	u	$\begin{matrix} 1.660 538 782 (83) \times 10^{−27} kg \\ 931.494 028 (23) MeV/ c^{2} \end{matrix}$
Avogadro’s number	$N_{A}$	$6.022 141 79 (30) \times 10^{23} particles/mol$
Bohr magneton	$μ_{B} = \frac{e ℏ}{2 m_{e}}$	$9.274 009 15 (23) \times 10^{−24} J/T$
Bohr radius	$a_{0} = \frac{ℏ^{2}}{m_{e} e^{2} k_{e}}$	$5.291 772 085 9 (36) \times 10^{−11} m$
Boltzmann’s constant	$k_{B} = \frac{R}{N_{A}}$	$1.380 650 4 (24) \times 10^{−23} J/K$
Compton wavelength	$λ_{C} = \frac{h}{m_{e} c}$	$2.426 310 217 5 (33) \times 10^{−12} m$
Coulomb constant	$k_{e} = \frac{1}{4 π ε_{0}}$	$8.987 551 788... \times 10^{9} N \cdot m^{2} {/C}^{2} (exact)$
Deuteron mass	$m_{d}$	$\begin{matrix} 3.343 583 20 (17) \times 10^{−27} kg \\ 2.013 553 212 724 (78) u \\ 1875.612 859 MeV/ c^{2} \end{matrix}$
Electron mass	$m_{e}$	$\begin{matrix} 9.109 382 15 (45) \times 10^{−31} kg \\ 5.485 799 094 3 (23) \times 10^{−4} u \\ 0.510 998 910 (13) MeV/ c^{2} \end{matrix}$
Electron volt	eV	$1.602 176 487 (40) \times 10^{−19} J$
Elementary charge	e	$1.602 176 487 (40) \times 10^{−19} C$
Gas constant	R	$8.314 472 (15) J/mol \cdot K$
Gravitational constant	G	$6.674 28 (67) \times 10^{−11} N \cdot m^{2} {/kg}^{2}$
Neutron mass	$m_{n}$	$\begin{matrix} 1.674 927 211 (84) \times 10^{−27} kg \\ 1.008 664 915 97 (43) u \\ 939.565 346 (23) MeV/ c^{2} \end{matrix}$
Nuclear magneton	$μ_{n} = \frac{e ℏ}{2 m_{p}}$	$5.050 783 24 (13) \times 10^{−27} J/T$
Permeability of free space	$μ_{0}$	$4 π \times 10^{−7} T \cdot m/A (exact)$
Permittivity of free space	$ε_{0} = \frac{1}{μ_{0} c^{2}}$	$8.854 187 817... \times 10^{−12} C^{2} / N \cdot m^{2} (exact)$
Planck’s constant	h $ℏ = \frac{h}{2 π}$	$\begin{matrix} 6.626 068 96 (33) \times 10^{−34} J \cdot s \\ 1.054 571 628 (53) \times 10^{−34} J \cdot s \end{matrix}$
Proton mass	$m_{p}$	$\begin{matrix} 1.672 621 637 (83) \times 10^{−27} kg \\ 1.007 276 466 77 (10) u \\ 938.272 013 (23) MeV/ c^{2} \end{matrix}$
Rydberg constant	$R_{H}$	$1.097 373 156 852 7 (73) \times 10^{7} m^{−1}$
Speed of light in vacuum	c	$2.997 924 58 \times 10^{8} m/s (exact)$

Useful combinations of constants for calculations:

$h c = 12,400 eV \cdot Å = 1240 eV \cdot nm = 1240 MeV \cdot fm$

$ℏ c = 1973 eV \cdot Å = 197.3 eV \cdot nm = 197.3 MeV \cdot fm$

$k_{e} e^{2} = 14.40 eV \cdot Å = 1.440 eV \cdot nm = 1.440 MeV \cdot fm$

$k_{B} T = 0.02585 eV at T = 300 K$

Questions & Answers

it is the relatively stable flow of income

Chidubem Reply

what is circular flow of income

Divine Reply

branches of macroeconomics

SHEDRACK Reply

what is Flexible exchang rate?

poudel Reply

is gdp a reliable measurement of wealth

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introduction to econometrics

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Tom

Why is unemployment rate never zero at full employment?

Priyanka Reply

bcoz of existence of frictional unemployment in our economy.

Umashankar

what is flexible exchang rate?

poudel

due to existence of the pple with disabilities

Abdulraufu

the demand of a good rises, causing the demand for another good to fall

Rushawn Reply

is it possible to leave every good at the same level

Joseph

I don't think so. because check it, if the demand for chicken increases, people will no longer consume fish like they used to causing a fall in the demand for fish

Anuolu

is not really possible to let the value of a goods to be same at the same time.....

Salome

Suppose the inflation rate is 6%, does it mean that all the goods you purchase will cost 6% more than previous year? Provide with reasoning.

Geetha Reply

Not necessarily. To measure the inflation rate economists normally use an averaged price index of a basket of certain goods. So if you purchase goods included in the basket, you will notice that you pay 6% more, otherwise not necessarily.

Waeth

discus major problems of macroeconomics

Alii Reply

what is the problem of macroeconomics

Yoal

Economic growth Stable prices and low unemployment

Ephraim

explain inflationcause and itis degre

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what is inflation

Getu

increase in general price levels

WEETO

Good day How do I calculate this question: C= 100+5yd G= 2000 T= 2000 I(planned)=200. Suppose the actual output is 3000. What is the level of planned expenditures at this level of output?

Chisomo Reply

how to calculate actual output?

Chisomo

how to calculate the equilibrium income

Beshir

Criteria for determining money supply

Thapase Reply

who we can define macroeconomics in one line

Muhammad

Aggregate demand

Mohammed

C=k100 +9y and i=k50.calculate the equilibrium level of output

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money as unit of account means what?

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A unit of account is something that can be used to value goods and services and make calculations

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Muhammad

I want to know how can we define macroeconomics in one line

Muhammad

it must be .9 or 0.9 no Mpc is greater than 1 Y=100+.9Y+50 Y-.9Y=150 0.1Y/0.1=150/0.1 Y=1500

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hi can someone help me on this question If a negative shocks shifts the IS curve to the left, what type of policy do you suggest so as to stabilize the level of output? discuss your answer using appropriate graph.

Galge Reply

if interest rate is increased this will will reduce the level of income shifting the curve to the left ◀️

Kalombe

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Source: OpenStax, University physics volume 1. OpenStax CNX. Sep 19, 2016 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col12031/1.5

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