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- Thermal expansion of solids and
Liquids and solids expand with increasing temperature, because the kinetic energy of a body’s atoms and molecules increases. Explain why some materials
shrink with increasing temperature.
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Problems&Exercises
The height of the Washington Monument is measured to be 170 m on a day when the temperature is
. What will its height be on a day when the temperature falls to
? Although the monument is made of limestone, assume that its thermal coefficient of expansion is the same as marble’s.
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How much taller does the Eiffel Tower become at the end of a day when the temperature has increased by
? Its original height is 321 m and you can assume it is made of steel.
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What is the change in length of a 3.00-cm-long column of mercury if its temperature changes from
to
, assuming the mercury is unconstrained?
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How large an expansion gap should be left between steel railroad rails if they may reach a maximum temperature
greater than when they were laid? Their original length is 10.0 m.
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You are looking to purchase a small piece of land in Hong Kong. The price is “only” $60,000 per square meter! The land title says the dimensions are
By how much would the total price change if you measured the parcel with a steel tape measure on a day when the temperature was
above normal?
Because the area gets smaller, the price of the land DECREASES by
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Global warming will produce rising sea levels partly due to melting ice caps but also due to the expansion of water as average ocean temperatures rise. To get some idea of the size of this effect, calculate the change in length of a column of water 1.00 km high for a temperature increase of
Note that this calculation is only approximate because ocean warming is not uniform with depth.
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Show that 60.0 L of gasoline originally at
will expand to 61.1 L when it warms to
as claimed in
[link] .
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(a) Suppose a meter stick made of steel and one made of invar (an alloy of iron and nickel) are the same length at
. What is their difference in length at
? (b) Repeat the calculation for two 30.0-m-long surveyor’s tapes.
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(a) If a 500-mL glass beaker is filled to the brim with ethyl alcohol at a temperature of
how much will overflow when its temperature reaches
? (b) How much less water would overflow under the same conditions?
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Most automobiles have a coolant reservoir to catch radiator fluid that may overflow when the engine is hot. A radiator is made of copper and is filled to its 16.0-L capacity when at
What volume of radiator fluid will overflow when the radiator and fluid reach their
operating temperature, given that the fluid’s volume coefficient of expansion is
? Note that this coefficient is approximate, because most car radiators have operating temperatures of greater than
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A physicist makes a cup of instant coffee and notices that, as the coffee cools, its level drops 3.00 mm in the glass cup. Show that this decrease cannot be due to thermal contraction by calculating the decrease in level if the
of coffee is in a 7.00-cm-diameter cup and decreases in temperature from
to
(Most of the drop in level is actually due to escaping bubbles of air.)
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(a) The density of water at
is very nearly
(it is actually
), whereas the density of ice at
is
. Calculate the pressure necessary to keep ice from expanding when it freezes, neglecting the effect such a large pressure would have on the freezing temperature. (This problem gives you only an indication of how large the forces associated with freezing water might be.) (b) What are the implications of this result for biological cells that are frozen?
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Show that
by calculating the change in volume
of a cube with sides of length
We know how the length changes with temperature:
. Also we know that the volume of a cube is related to its length by
, so the final volume is then
. Substituting for
gives
Now, because
is small, we can use the binomial expansion:
So writing the length terms in terms of volumes gives
and so
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Questions & Answers
if three forces F1.f2 .f3 act at a point on a Cartesian plane in the daigram .....so if the question says write down the x and y components ..... I really don't understand
hey , can you please explain oxidation reaction & redox ?
hey , can you please explain oxidation reaction and redox ?
Boitumelo
for grade 12 or grade 11?
Sibulele
advantages of electrons in a circuit
we're do you find electromagnetism past papers
Ntombifuthi
it is the force or component of the force that the surface exert on an object incontact with it and which acts perpendicular to the surface
Sihle
what is the half reaction of Potassium and chlorine
how to calculate coefficient of static friction
how to calculate static friction
Lisa
How to calculate a current
Tumelo
how to calculate the magnitude of horizontal component of the applied force
Mogano
How to calculate force
Monambi
a structure of a thermocouple used to measure inner temperature
a fixed gas of a mass is held at standard pressure temperature of 15 degrees Celsius .Calculate the temperature of the gas in Celsius if the pressure is changed to 2×10 to the power 4
How is energy being used in bonding?
a rate of change in velocity of an object whith respect to time
Khuthadzo
how can we find the moment of torque of a circular object
Kidist
Acceleration is a rate of change in velocity.
Justice
how to calculate tension by substitution
use fnet method. how many obects are being calculated ?
Khuthadzo
how to calculate acceleration and tension force
you use Fnet equals ma , newtoms second law formula
Masego
please help me with vectors in two dimensions
how to calculate normal force
Mulaudzi
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Source:
OpenStax, College physics. OpenStax CNX. Jul 27, 2015 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11406/1.9
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