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Problems&Exercises
In the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the complete
notation. Refer to the periodic table for values of
.
decay of
(tritium), a manufactured isotope of hydrogen used in some digital watch displays, and manufactured primarily for use in hydrogen bombs.
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decay of
, a naturally occurring rare isotope of potassium responsible for some of our exposure to background radiation.
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decay of
.
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Electron capture by
.
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decay of
, the isotope of polonium in the decay series of
that was discovered by the Curies. A favorite isotope in physics labs, since it has a short half-life and decays to a stable nuclide.
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decay of
, another isotope in the decay series of
, first recognized as a new element by the Curies. Poses special problems because its daughter is a radioactive noble gas.
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In the following four problems, identify the parent nuclide and write the complete decay equation in the
notation. Refer to the periodic table for values of
.
decay producing
. The parent nuclide is a major waste product of reactors and has chemistry similar to potassium and sodium, resulting in its concentration in your cells if ingested.
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decay producing
. The parent nuclide is a major waste product of reactors and has chemistry similar to calcium, so that it is concentrated in bones if ingested (
is also radioactive.)
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decay producing
. The parent nuclide is nearly 100% of the natural element and is found in gas lantern mantles and in metal alloys used in jets (
is also radioactive).
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decay producing
. The parent nuclide is in the decay series produced by
, the only naturally occurring isotope of thorium.
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When an electron and positron annihilate, both their masses are destroyed, creating two equal energy photons to preserve momentum. (a) Confirm that the annihilation equation
conserves charge, electron family number, and total number of nucleons. To do this, identify the values of each before and after the annihilation. (b) Find the energy of each
ray, assuming the electron and positron are initially nearly at rest. (c) Explain why the two
rays travel in exactly opposite directions if the center of mass of the electron-positron system is initially at rest.
(a)
(b) 0.511 MeV
(c) The two
rays must travel in exactly opposite directions in order to conserve momentum, since initially there is zero momentum if the center of mass is initially at rest.
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Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by the rule for
decay given in the equation
. To do this, identify the values of each before and after the decay.
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Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by the rule for
decay given in the equation
. To do this, identify the values of each before and after the decay.
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Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by the rule for
decay given in the equation
. To do this, identify the values of each before and after the decay.
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Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by the rule for electron capture given in the equation
. To do this, identify the values of each before and after the capture.
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A rare decay mode has been observed in which
emits a
nucleus. (a) The decay equation is
. Identify the nuclide
. (b) Find the energy emitted in the decay. The mass of
is 222.015353 u.
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(a) Write the complete
decay equation for
.
(b) Find the energy released in the decay.
(a)
(b) 4.87 MeV
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(a) Write the complete
decay equation for the neutron. (b) Find the energy released in the decay.
(a)
(b) ) 0.783 MeV
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(a) Write the complete
decay equation for
, a major waste product of nuclear reactors. (b) Find the energy released in the decay.
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Calculate the energy released in the
decay of
, the equation for which is given in the text. The masses of
and
are 21.994434 and 21.991383 u, respectively.
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(a) Write the complete
decay equation for
.
(b) Calculate the energy released in the decay. The masses of
and
are 11.011433 and 11.009305 u, respectively.
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(a) Calculate the energy released in the
decay of
.
(b) What fraction of the mass of a single
is destroyed in the decay? The mass of
is 234.043593 u.
(c) Although the fractional mass loss is large for a single nucleus, it is difficult to observe for an entire macroscopic sample of uranium. Why is this?
(a) 4.274 MeV
(b)
(c) Since U-238 is a slowly decaying substance, only a very small number of nuclei decay on human timescales; therefore, although those nuclei that decay lose a noticeable fraction of their mass, the change in the total mass of the sample is not detectable for a macroscopic sample.
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(a) Write the complete reaction equation for electron capture by
.
(b) Calculate the energy released.
(a)
(b) 2.754 MeV
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Questions & Answers
it is the relatively stable flow of income
what is circular flow of income
branches of macroeconomics
what is Flexible exchang rate?
is gdp a reliable measurement of wealth
introduction to econometrics
Why is unemployment rate never zero at full employment?
bcoz of existence of frictional unemployment in our economy.
Umashankar
what is flexible exchang rate?
poudel
due to existence of the pple with disabilities
Abdulraufu
the demand of a good rises, causing the demand for another good to fall
is it possible to leave every good at the same level
Joseph
I don't think so. because check it, if the demand for chicken increases, people will no longer consume fish like they used to causing a fall in the demand for fish
Anuolu
is not really possible to let the value of a goods to be same at the same time.....
Salome
Suppose the inflation rate is 6%, does it mean that all the goods you purchase will cost
6% more than previous year? Provide with reasoning.
Not necessarily. To measure the inflation rate economists normally use an averaged price index of a basket of certain goods. So if you purchase goods included in the basket, you will notice that you pay 6% more, otherwise not necessarily.
Waeth
discus major problems of macroeconomics
what is the problem of macroeconomics
Yoal
Economic growth
Stable prices
and low unemployment
Ephraim
explain inflationcause and itis degre
increase in general price levels
WEETO
Good day
How do I calculate this question: C= 100+5yd G= 2000 T= 2000 I(planned)=200.
Suppose the actual output is 3000. What is the level of planned expenditures at this level of output?
how to calculate actual output?
Chisomo
how to calculate the equilibrium income
Beshir
Criteria for determining money supply
who we can define macroeconomics in one line
Muhammad
Aggregate demand
Mohammed
C=k100 +9y and i=k50.calculate the equilibrium level of output
nawalparasi district
from belatari
Amisha
I am Camara from Guinea west Africa... happy to meet you guys here
Sekou
ahile becheclor ho
Amisha
hjr ktm bta ho
ani k kaam grnu hunxa tw
Amisha
money as unit of account means what?
Kalombe
A unit of account is something that can be used to value goods and services and make calculations
Jim
all of you please speak in English I can't understand you're language
Muhammad
I want to know how can we define macroeconomics in one line
Muhammad
it must be .9 or 0.9
no Mpc is greater than 1
Y=100+.9Y+50
Y-.9Y=150
0.1Y/0.1=150/0.1
Y=1500
Kalombe
Mercy is it clear?😋
Kalombe
hi can someone help me on this question
If a negative shocks shifts the IS curve to the left, what type of policy do you suggest so as to stabilize the level of output?
discuss your answer using appropriate graph.
if interest rate is increased this will will reduce the level of income shifting the curve to the left ◀️
Kalombe
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Source:
OpenStax, College physics. OpenStax CNX. Jul 27, 2015 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11406/1.9
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