Start a chain reaction, or introduce non-radioactive isotopes to prevent one. Control energy production in a nuclear reactor!
Section summary
The binding energy (BE) of a nucleus is the energy needed to separate it into individual protons and neutrons. In terms of atomic masses,
where
is the mass of a hydrogen atom,
is the atomic mass of the nuclide, and
is the mass of a neutron. Patterns in the binding energy per nucleon,
, reveal details of the nuclear force. The larger the
, the more stable the nucleus.
Conceptual questions
Why is the number of neutrons greater than the number of protons in stable nuclei having
greater than about 40, and why is this effect more pronounced for the heaviest nuclei?
is a loosely bound isotope of hydrogen. Called deuterium or heavy hydrogen, it is stable but relatively rare—it is 0.015% of natural hydrogen. Note that deuterium has
, which should tend to make it more tightly bound, but both are odd numbers. Calculate
, the binding energy per nucleon, for
and compare it with the approximate value obtained from the graph in
[link] .
is among the most tightly bound of all nuclides. It is more than 90% of natural iron. Note that
has even numbers of both protons and neutrons. Calculate
, the binding energy per nucleon, for
and compare it with the approximate value obtained from the graph in
[link] .
is the heaviest stable nuclide, and its
is low compared with medium-mass nuclides. Calculate
, the binding energy per nucleon, for
and compare it with the approximate value obtained from the graph in
[link] .
(a) Calculate
for
, the rarer of the two most common uranium isotopes. (b) Calculate
for
. (Most of uranium is
.) Note that
has even numbers of both protons and neutrons. Is the
of
significantly different from that of
?
(a) Calculate
for
. Stable and relatively tightly bound, this nuclide is most of natural carbon. (b) Calculate
for
. Is the difference in
between
and
significant? One is stable and common, and the other is unstable and rare.
(a) 7.680 MeV, consistent with graph
(b) 7.520 MeV, consistent with graph. Not significantly different from value for
, but sufficiently lower to allow decay into another nuclide that is more tightly bound.
The fact that
is greatest for
near 60 implies that the range of the nuclear force is about the diameter of such nuclides. (a) Calculate the diameter of an
nucleus. (b) Compare
for
and
. The first is one of the most tightly bound nuclides, while the second is larger and less tightly bound.
The purpose of this problem is to show in three ways that the binding energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is negligible compared with the masses of the proton and electron. (a) Calculate the mass equivalent in u of the 13.6-eV binding energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom, and compare this with the mass of the hydrogen atom obtained from
Appendix A . (b) Subtract the mass of the proton given in
[link] from the mass of the hydrogen atom given in
Appendix A . You will find the difference is equal to the electron’s mass to three digits, implying the binding energy is small in comparison. (c) Take the ratio of the binding energy of the electron (13.6 eV) to the energy equivalent of the electron’s mass (0.511 MeV). (d) Discuss how your answers confirm the stated purpose of this problem.
A particle physicist discovers a neutral particle with a mass of 2.02733 u that he assumes is two neutrons bound together. (a) Find the binding energy. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?
(a)
(b) The negative binding energy implies an unbound system.
(c) This assumption that it is two bound neutrons is incorrect.
Three charges q_{1}=+3\mu C, q_{2}=+6\mu C and q_{3}=+8\mu C are located at (2,0)m (0,0)m and (0,3) coordinates respectively. Find the magnitude and direction acted upon q_{2} by the two other charges.Draw the correct graphical illustration of the problem above showing the direction of all forces.
To solve this problem, we need to first find the net force acting on charge q_{2}. The magnitude of the force exerted by q_{1} on q_{2} is given by F=\frac{kq_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} where k is the Coulomb constant, q_{1} and q_{2} are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.
Muhammed
What is the direction and net electric force on q_{1}= 5µC located at (0,4)r due to charges q_{2}=7mu located at (0,0)m and q_{3}=3\mu C located at (4,0)m?
Capacitor is a separation of opposite charges using an insulator of very small dimension between them. Capacitor is used for allowing an AC (alternating current) to pass while a DC (direct current) is blocked.
Gautam
A motor travelling at 72km/m on sighting a stop sign applying the breaks such that under constant deaccelerate in the meters of 50 metres what is the magnitude of the accelerate
velocity can be 72 km/h in question. 72 km/h=20 m/s, v^2=2.a.x , 20^2=2.a.50, a=4 m/s^2.
Mehmet
A boat travels due east at a speed of 40meter per seconds across a river flowing due south at 30meter per seconds. what is the resultant speed of the boat
which has a higher temperature, 1cup of boiling water or 1teapot of boiling water which can transfer more heat 1cup of boiling water or 1 teapot of boiling water explain your . answer
I believe temperature being an intensive property does not change for any amount of boiling water whereas heat being an extensive property changes with amount/size of the system.
Someone
Scratch that
Someone
temperature for any amount of water to boil at ntp is 100⁰C (it is a state function and and intensive property) and it depends both will give same amount of heat because the surface available for heat transfer is greater in case of the kettle as well as the heat stored in it but if you talk.....
Someone
about the amount of heat stored in the system then in that case since the mass of water in the kettle is greater so more energy is required to raise the temperature b/c more molecules of water are present in the kettle
pratica A on solution of hydro chloric acid,B is a solution containing 0.5000 mole ofsodium chlorid per dm³,put A in the burret and titrate 20.00 or 25.00cm³ portion of B using melting orange as the indicator. record the deside of your burret tabulate the burret reading and calculate the average volume of acid used?
No. According to Isac Newtons law. this two bodies maybe you and the wall beside you.
Attracting depends on the mass och each body and distance between them.
Dlovan
Are you really asking if two bodies have to be charged to be influenced by Coulombs Law?
Specific heat capacity is a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). It is measured in Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C).
AI-Robot
specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius or kelvin
ROKEEB
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