Glass and plastic become optically active when stressed; the greater the stress, the greater the effect. Optical stress analysis on complicated shapes can be performed by making plastic models of them and observing them through crossed filters, as seen in
[link] . It is apparent that the effect depends on wavelength as well as stress. The wavelength dependence is sometimes also used for artistic purposes.
Another interesting phenomenon associated with polarized light is the ability of some crystals to split an unpolarized beam of light into two. Such crystals are said to be
birefringent (see
[link] ). Each of the separated rays has a specific polarization. One behaves normally and is called the ordinary ray, whereas the other does not obey Snell’s law and is called the extraordinary ray. Birefringent crystals can be used to produce polarized beams from unpolarized light. Some birefringent materials preferentially absorb one of the polarizations. These materials are called dichroic and can produce polarization by this preferential absorption. This is fundamentally how polarizing filters and other polarizers work. The interested reader is invited to further pursue the numerous properties of materials related to polarization.
Test prep for ap courses
Which of the following statements is true for the direction of polarization for a polarized light wave?
It is parallel to the direction of propagation and perpendicular to the direction of the electric field.
It is perpendicular to the direction of propagation and parallel to the direction of the electric field.
It is parallel to the directions of propagation and the electric field.
It is perpendicular to the directions of propagation and the electric field.
In an experiment, light is passed through two polarizing filters. The image below shows the first filter and axis of polarization.
The intensity of the resulting light (after the first filter) is recorded as
I . Three configurations (at different angles) are set up for the second filter, and the intensity of light is recorded for each configuration. The results are shown in the table below:
Set up
Angle of second filter compared to first filter
Intensity of light after second filter
Configuration A
θ1
I
Configuration B
θ2
0.5
I
Configuration C
θ3
0
Complete the table by calculating
θ1 ,
θ2 , and
θ3 .
Polarization is the attribute that wave oscillations have a definite direction relative to the direction of propagation of the wave.
EM waves are transverse waves that may be polarized.
The direction of polarization is defined to be the direction parallel to the electric field of the EM wave.
Unpolarized light is composed of many rays having random polarization directions.
Light can be polarized by passing it through a polarizing filter or other polarizing material. The intensity
of polarized light after passing through a polarizing filter is
where
is the original intensity and
is the angle between the direction of polarization and the axis of the filter.
Polarization is also produced by reflection.
Brewster’s law states that reflected light will be completely polarized at the angle of reflection
, known as Brewster’s angle, given by a statement known as Brewster’s law:
, where
is the medium in which the incident and reflected light travel and
is the index of refraction of the medium that forms the interface that reflects the light.
Polarization can also be produced by scattering.
There are a number of types of optically active substances that rotate the direction of polarization of light passing through them.
Questions & Answers
A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
Adjei
please, I'm a physics student and I need help in physics
Adjanou
chemistry could also be understood like the sexual attraction/repulsion of the male and female elements. the reaction varies depending on the energy differences of each given gender. + masculine -female.
Pedro
A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?