# 14.3 Phase change and latent heat  (Page 5/9)

 Page 5 / 9

Why does snow remain on mountain slopes even when daytime temperatures are higher than the freezing temperature?

Snow is formed from ice crystals and thus is the solid phase of water. Because enormous heat is necessary for phase changes, it takes a certain amount of time for this heat to be accumulated from the air, even if the air is above $0º\text{C}$ . The warmer the air is, the faster this heat exchange occurs and the faster the snow melts.

## Summary

• Most substances can exist either in solid, liquid, and gas forms, which are referred to as “phases.”
• Phase changes occur at fixed temperatures for a given substance at a given pressure, and these temperatures are called boiling and freezing (or melting) points.
• During phase changes, heat absorbed or released is given by:
$Q=\text{mL,}$

where $L$ is the latent heat coefficient.

## Conceptual questions

Heat transfer can cause temperature and phase changes. What else can cause these changes?

How does the latent heat of fusion of water help slow the decrease of air temperatures, perhaps preventing temperatures from falling significantly below $\text{0ºC}$ , in the vicinity of large bodies of water?

What is the temperature of ice right after it is formed by freezing water?

If you place $\text{0ºC}$ ice into $\text{0ºC}$ water in an insulated container, what will happen? Will some ice melt, will more water freeze, or will neither take place?

What effect does condensation on a glass of ice water have on the rate at which the ice melts? Will the condensation speed up the melting process or slow it down?

In very humid climates where there are numerous bodies of water, such as in Florida, it is unusual for temperatures to rise above about $\text{35º}\text{C}\left(\text{95º}\text{F}\right)$ . In deserts, however, temperatures can rise far above this. Explain how the evaporation of water helps limit high temperatures in humid climates.

In winters, it is often warmer in San Francisco than in nearby Sacramento, 150 km inland. In summers, it is nearly always hotter in Sacramento. Explain how the bodies of water surrounding San Francisco moderate its extreme temperatures.

Putting a lid on a boiling pot greatly reduces the heat transfer necessary to keep it boiling. Explain why.

Freeze-dried foods have been dehydrated in a vacuum. During the process, the food freezes and must be heated to facilitate dehydration. Explain both how the vacuum speeds up dehydration and why the food freezes as a result.

When still air cools by radiating at night, it is unusual for temperatures to fall below the dew point. Explain why.

In a physics classroom demonstration, an instructor inflates a balloon by mouth and then cools it in liquid nitrogen. When cold, the shrunken balloon has a small amount of light blue liquid in it, as well as some snow-like crystals. As it warms up, the liquid boils, and part of the crystals sublimate, with some crystals lingering for awhile and then producing a liquid. Identify the blue liquid and the two solids in the cold balloon. Justify your identifications using data from [link] .

## Problems&Exercises

How much heat transfer (in kilocalories) is required to thaw a 0.450-kg package of frozen vegetables originally at $0º\text{C}$ if their heat of fusion is the same as that of water?

35.9 kcal

#### Questions & Answers

Describe an experiment to determine short half life
Tyson Reply
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Kenedy Reply
A 20MH coil has a resistance of 50 ohms and us connected in series with a capacitor to a 520MV supply
Musa Reply
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Sujitha
Physics is the branch of science that deals with the study of matter and the interactions it undergoes with energy
Junior
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AMIT
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A 20MH coil has a resistance of 50 ohms and is connected in series with a capacitor to a 250MV supply if the circuit is to resonate at 100KHZ, Determine 1: the capacitance of the capacitor 2: the working voltage of the circuit, given that pie =3.142
Musa
Heat is transfered by thermal contact but if it is transfered by conduction or radiation, is it possible to reach in thermal equilibrium?
Eden Reply
Yes, It is possible by conduction if Surface is Adiabatic
Astronomy
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Magret Reply
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Kalilu
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Kalilu
Physics? Is a branch of science dealing with matter in relation to energy.
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Moses
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Noman
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Ekwunazor Reply
your fat arse sitting all day is a good reference of three dimensional numbnut
Universe
Noman
Yes the Universe itself
Astronomy
Examine different types of shoes, including sports shoes and thongs. In terms of physics, why are the bottom surfaces designed as they are? What differences will dry and wet conditions make for these surfaces?
Lathan Reply
sports shoes are designed in such a way they are gripped well with your feet and their bases have and high friction surfaces, Thong shoes are for comfort, these are easily removed and light weight. these are usually low friction surfaces but in wet conditions they offer greater friction.
Noman
thong sleepers are usually used in restrooms.
Noman
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Ochigbo Reply
The phenomenon of transfer of energy
Noman
how does time flow in one dimension
Lord Reply
you mean in three dimensions......numbnut
yeah that was a mistake
Lord
if it flows in three dimensions does it mean if an object theoretically moves beyond the speed of light it won't experience time
Lord
time seems to flow in one direction...but I the past present and future happen every moment time flies regardless.
but if an object moves beyond the speed of light time stops right for it
Lord
yes but at light speed it ceases
Lord
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Noman
if v=ktx Ly Mz find the value of x,y and z
Emmanuel Reply
x=v=ktx Ly Mz find the value of x,y and z
y=v=ktx Ly Mz find the value of x,y and z
z=v=ktx Ly Mz find the value of x,y and z
now get your lazy arse up and clean the kitchen 😁
I want to join the conversation
Subaba Reply
😂
hmm
Stephen
what conversation you talking about? .....numbnut
how do i calculate for period of the oscillation
Bridget Reply
T=2π√(m÷k).K is spring constance
Ambe
T=2π√m/k
Lord
does the force in a system result in the energy transfer?
Lebatam Reply
full meaning of GPS system
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global positioning system
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Matthew

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