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Symbols and their meanings

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This module defines symbols used throughout the Collaborative Statistics textbook.
Symbols and their meanings
Chapter (1st used) Symbol Spoken Meaning
Sampling and Data The square root of same
Sampling and Data π Pi 3.14159… (a specific number)
Descriptive Statistics Q1 Quartile one the first quartile
Descriptive Statistics Q2 Quartile two the second quartile
Descriptive Statistics Q3 Quartile three the third quartile
Descriptive Statistics IQR inter-quartile range Q3-Q1=IQR
Descriptive Statistics x ¯ x-bar sample mean
Descriptive Statistics μ mu population mean
Descriptive Statistics s s x sx s sample standard deviation
Descriptive Statistics s 2 s x 2 s-squared sample variance
Descriptive Statistics σ σ x σx sigma population standard deviation
Descriptive Statistics σ 2 σ x 2 sigma-squared population variance
Descriptive Statistics Σ capital sigma sum
Probability Topics { } brackets set notation
Probability Topics S S sample space
Probability Topics A Event A event A
Probability Topics P ( A ) probability of A probability of A occurring
Probability Topics P ( A ∣ B ) probability of A given B prob. of A occurring given B has occurred
Probability Topics P ( A or B ) prob. of A or B prob. of A or B or both occurring
Probability Topics P ( A and B ) prob. of A and B prob. of both A and B occurring (same time)
Probability Topics A' A-prime, complement of A complement of A, not A
Probability Topics P ( A' ) prob. of complement of A same
Probability Topics G 1 green on first pick same
Probability Topics P ( G 1 ) prob. of green on first pick same
Discrete Random Variables PDF prob. distribution function same
Discrete Random Variables X X the random variable X
Discrete Random Variables X~ the distribution of X same
Discrete Random Variables B binomial distribution same
Discrete Random Variables G geometric distribution same
Discrete Random Variables H hypergeometric dist. same
Discrete Random Variables P Poisson dist. same
Discrete Random Variables λ Lambda average of Poisson distribution
Discrete Random Variables ≥ greater than or equal to same
Discrete Random Variables ≤ less than or equal to same
Discrete Random Variables = equal to same
Discrete Random Variables ≠ not equal to same
Continuous Random Variables f ( x ) f of x function of x
Continuous Random Variables pdf prob. density function same
Continuous Random Variables U uniform distribution same
Continuous Random Variables Exp exponential distribution same
Continuous Random Variables k k critical value
Continuous Random Variables f ( x ) = f of x equals same
Continuous Random Variables m m decay rate (for exp. dist.)
The Normal Distribution N size 12{N} {} normal distribution same
The Normal Distribution z size 12{z} {} z-score same
The Normal Distribution Z size 12{Z} {} standard normal dist. same
The Central Limit Theorem CLT size 12{ ital "CLT"} {} Central Limit Theorem same
The Central Limit Theorem X X-bar the random variable X-bar
The Central Limit Theorem μ x size 12{μ rSub { size 8{x} } } {} mean of X the average of X
The Central Limit Theorem μ x ¯ size 12{μ rSub { size 8{ {overline {x}} } } } {} mean of X-bar the average of X-bar
The Central Limit Theorem σ x size 12{σ rSub { size 8{x} } } {} standard deviation of X same
The Central Limit Theorem σ x ¯ size 12{σ rSub { size 8{ {overline {x}} } } } {} standard deviation of X-bar same
The Central Limit Theorem Σ X sum of X same
The Central Limit Theorem Σ x sum of x same
Confidence Intervals CL size 12{ ital "CL"} {} confidence level same
Confidence Intervals CI size 12{ ital "CI"} {} confidence interval same
Confidence Intervals EBM size 12{ ital "EBM"} {} error bound for a mean same
Confidence Intervals EBP size 12{ ital "EBP"} {} error bound for a proportion same
Confidence Intervals t size 12{t} {} student-t distribution same
Confidence Intervals df size 12{ ital "df"} {} degrees of freedom same
Confidence Intervals t α 2 student-t with a/2 area in right tail same
Confidence Intervals p' p ^ p-prime; p-hat sample proportion of success
Confidence Intervals q' q ^ q-prime; q-hat sample proportion of failure
Hypothesis Testing H 0 size 12{H rSub { size 8{0} } } {} H-naught, H-sub 0 null hypothesis
Hypothesis Testing H a size 12{H rSub { size 8{a} } } {} H-a, H-sub a alternate hypothesis
Hypothesis Testing H 1 size 12{H rSub { size 8{1} } } {} H-1, H-sub 1 alternate hypothesis
Hypothesis Testing α size 12{α} {} alpha probability of Type I error
Hypothesis Testing β size 12{β} {} beta probability of Type II error
Hypothesis Testing X1 ¯ − X2 ¯ size 12{ {overline {X1}} - {overline {X2}} } {} X1-bar minus X2-bar difference in sample means
μ 1 − μ 2 size 12{μ rSub { size 8{1} } - μ rSub { size 8{2} } } {} mu-1 minus mu-2 difference in population means
P ' 1 − P ' 2 size 12{P' rSub { size 8{1} } - P' rSub { size 8{2} } } {} P1-prime minus P2-prime difference in sample proportions
p 1 − p 2 size 12{p rSub { size 8{1} } - p rSub { size 8{2} } } {} p1 minus p2 difference in population proportions
Chi-Square Distribution Χ 2 Ky-square Chi-square
O Observed Observed frequency
E Expected Expected frequency
Linear Regression and Correlation y = a + bx y equals a plus b-x equation of a line
y ^ y-hat estimated value of y
r correlation coefficient same
ε error same
SSE Sum of Squared Errors same
1.9 s 1.9 times s cut-off value for outliers
F-Distribution and ANOVA F F-ratio F ratio

Questions & Answers

if three forces F1.f2 .f3 act at a point on a Cartesian plane in the daigram .....so if the question says write down the x and y components ..... I really don't understand
Syamthanda Reply
hey , can you please explain oxidation reaction & redox ?
Boitumelo Reply
hey , can you please explain oxidation reaction and redox ?
Boitumelo
for grade 12 or grade 11?
Sibulele
the value of V1 and V2
Tumelo Reply
advantages of electrons in a circuit
Rethabile Reply
we're do you find electromagnetism past papers
Ntombifuthi
what a normal force
Tholulwazi Reply
it is the force or component of the force that the surface exert on an object incontact with it and which acts perpendicular to the surface
Sihle
what is physics?
Petrus Reply
what is the half reaction of Potassium and chlorine
Anna Reply
how to calculate coefficient of static friction
Lisa Reply
how to calculate static friction
Lisa
How to calculate a current
Tumelo
how to calculate the magnitude of horizontal component of the applied force
Mogano
How to calculate force
Monambi
a structure of a thermocouple used to measure inner temperature
Anna Reply
a fixed gas of a mass is held at standard pressure temperature of 15 degrees Celsius .Calculate the temperature of the gas in Celsius if the pressure is changed to 2×10 to the power 4
Amahle Reply
How is energy being used in bonding?
Raymond Reply
what is acceleration
Syamthanda Reply
a rate of change in velocity of an object whith respect to time
Khuthadzo
how can we find the moment of torque of a circular object
Kidist
Acceleration is a rate of change in velocity.
Justice
t =r×f
Khuthadzo
how to calculate tension by substitution
Precious Reply
hi
Shongi
hi
Leago
use fnet method. how many obects are being calculated ?
Khuthadzo
khuthadzo hii
Hulisani
how to calculate acceleration and tension force
Lungile Reply
you use Fnet equals ma , newtoms second law formula
Masego
please help me with vectors in two dimensions
Mulaudzi Reply
how to calculate normal force
Mulaudzi
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Source:  OpenStax, Elementary statistics. OpenStax CNX. Dec 30, 2013 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10966/1.4
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