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BC 400 – Invention of Brahmilipi , the mother of all Indian language except Urdu.
100 AD – Invention of Kharosti language and alphabets, the mother of all Arabic
languages including Urdu
1450AD – The Second Information revolution – Invention of rotating press by a German Mechanic named Gutenburg.
1833AD – Michael Faraday made the earliest study of semiconductors.
1834AD – Charles Babbage plans a machine to calculate and print results.
1842AD – Ada Lovelace writes a step by step Programme for Babbage’s Machine.
1850AD – George Boole invented Boolean Algebra. Boolean Algebra is the basis of the
present set of Computer Systems which use ALGORITHMIC
PROGRAMMING as opposed to HEURISTIC PROGAMMING of
Artificial Intillegence Computers. Heuristics programming uses Predicate
Logic. Heuristics means working by rule of thumbs and it is self learning
programme. In contrast Algorithm means a set of sequential steps which are
repeated or iterated. Here there is no self learning involved.
1851AD -First successful commercial telegraph cable laid from England to France. The cable had a central core of copper wire, gutta-percha, tarred yarn, tarred hemp, and iron wires.
1858AD -First transatlantic telegraph cable.
1876AD – Alexander Graham Bell invented Telephone.
1895AD – J.J Thomson discovers electron as the basic building block of Atom through
the study of Cathode Ray;
1902-1906AD - Telegraph cable crosses the Pacific ocean.
1904AD- John Ambrose Fleming invents Vacuum Tube Diode(two electrodes device).
1906AD- Lee De Forest invented Vacuum Triode ( three electrodes device) and used it to
achieve RC coupled Amplifier. Subsequently four electrodes device tetrode and
five electrodes device pentode.
1911AD- Using Heaviside “Distortion-less Transmission Condition” i.e. loading the
Telephone cables with large inductors, first long distance telephone call was
made from New York to Denver, Colorado, over a distance of 2000 miles.
1913AD- Vacuum Tube Repeater introduced in Public Service Telephone
Network (PSTN).
1915AD- Using inductor loading&R.C Coupled Amplifier, first transcontinental
telephone call is made from New York to San Francisco across a distance of
4000miles. Telephone becomes a Public Utility Service.
1918AD- Two Frenchmen, Block&Abraham, build the first simple Calculator-a
calculator with programme storage and data storage facility is a computer.
1937AD -Alan Turing invents “The Turing Machine “- it can perform all logical tasks.
1943AD- To decipher encrypted messages, British Scientist build “Colossus”-
forerunners of Electronic Computers.
1945AD- IBM builds first full scale calculator, MARK-I.
1945AD- ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator&Calculator) build by Moore School
of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania. ENIAC is 27Metric Tonnes , consumes 200kW and occupies a large room. The valves failed at a rate of one every 10 minutes and ENIAC had 18,000 valves. So development of user friendly home Computers was a pipe dream at that time. Development could not take place using Thermoionic Valves.
1945AD- Microwave Telephone link established.
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