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Sosiale wetenskappe: geskiedenis

Graad 5

Die antieke romeinse ryk: 500 v.c. – 500 n.c.

Module 13

Ontstaan en leefwyse

DIE ONTSTAAN VAN DIE RYK EN DIE LEEFWYSE VAN SY MENSE

Voordat ons begin, is dit belangrik om te verstaan wat ‘n antieke beskawing is.

Tydperke wat die verste van ons af is, noem ons antiek. Dié wat naby ons is, noem ons hedendaags.

Ons praat van 'n BESKAWING wanneer die getuienis daarop dui dat daardie mense se leefwyse kenmerke van ontwikkeling en verfyndheid toon.

DIE MENSE VAN DIE ANTIEKE BESKAWINGS HET DIE FONDAMENTE VAN ONS MODERNE BESKAWING GELÊ.

Hierdie module vertel die interessante verhaal van die Romeinse Ryk – een van die vroeë grootste beskawings wat die wêreld nog ooit geken het! Hul geskiedenis strek oor meer as 1 000 jaar en oor die grootste deel van daardie tyd se bekende beskawings! Dis nie al nie. Hul ongelooflike bydraes tot die samelewing strek tot in ons moderne tyd.

Baie welkom in die romeinse ryk!

AKTIWITEIT 1

OM BEWUS TE WEES VAN VERSKILLENDE SIENINGE OOR DIE ONTSTAAN VAN DIE RYK

[LU 1.3]

HOE DIE ROMEINSE RYK ONTSTAAN HET

Teen 800 v.C. was daar slegs 'n aantal rietdakhutte op die heuwels wat die Tiberrivier omring. Die inwoners was meestal boere wat veral koring, olywe en druiwe in die vrugbare deel gekweek het en ook beeste en skape aangehou het. Mettertyd het die groeiende dorpies op die sewe heuwels begin handel dryf en saamsmelt. Teen 753 v.C. het Romulus volgens oorlewering die stad Rome gestig. Toe kon die Romeine mekaar op militêre gebied beskerm teen vyandige aanvalle, veral van die Etruriërs. Hulle het ook gemeenskaplike gode saam aanbid.

Die Ryk het daarna soos volg ontwikkel:

  1. In die begin het die priesters namens die inwoners offers aan hul gode gebring. Teen 50 v.C. is Rome deur die Etruriërs verower. Die koning van Etrurië is egter later deur die Romeine uit Rome verjaag.
  1. Die Romeine besluit toe om nooit weer 'n koning te hê nie, en Rome het 'n REPUBLIEK geword. Twee konsuls is jaarliks gekies om te regeer. Hulle is bygestaan deur 'n senaat van ouer, wyser manne.
  1. Rome het geweldig uitgebrei. Die een na die ander groep is oorwin en 'n magtige ryk is na die weste en die ooste en in Noord-Afrika opgebou. Generaals, soos Julius Caesar, het die provinsies beheer. Die konsuls het mettertyd beheer verloor oor die generaals. Opstande en oorloë het gevolg.
  1. Toe Julius Caesar Rome aanval en self wou koning word oor die Ryk, het sy teenstanders hom in 44 v.C. in die senaatsaal doodgesteek. So het die Republiek ineengestort. Teen 31 v.C. het Octavianus (genoem Augustus) die eerste keiser van die groot Romeinse Ryk geword.

Maar voortdurende oorloë het later die magtige Romeinse Ryk lamgelê. In 455 n.C. is die Ryk deur 'n sterk stam, die Vandale, binnegeval en verower....

a) Nou weet jy hoe die Romeinse Ryk uitgebrei het. Lees die volgende legende om uit te vind hoe die hoofstad , Rome, aan sy naam gekom het ....

Mars, die oorlogsgod, moes sy twee seuns (Romulus en Remus) in 'n wiegie langs die Tiberrivier agterlaat. Daar het 'n wyfiewolf die twee babas gekry en met haar melk begin voed. Eendag het 'n skaapwagter die babas egter alleen in die veld gekry. Hy het hul saamgeneem en as sy eie seuns grootgemaak. Toe hulle groot was, het hulle op die plek waar die skaapwagter hulle gekry het, 'n stad aangelê. Die tweeling het stry gekry, en Romulus het vir Remus in 'n woedevlaag doodgemaak. Daarna het Romulus Rome na homself vernoem.

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Source:  OpenStax, Sosiale wetenskappe: geskiedenis graad 5. OpenStax CNX. Sep 23, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10987/1.2
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