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Este modulo trata con la traslación de problemas de tiempo continuo a problemas de tiempo discreto.

Introducción

Una computadora puede procesar señales de tiempo discreto usando un lagoritmo extremandamente flexible y poderoso. Mas sin embargo la mayoria de las señales de interes son de tiempo continuo , que es como casi siempre aparecen al natural.

Este modulo introduce la idea de trasladar los problemas de tiempo continuo en unos de tiempo discreto, y podra leer más de los detalles de la importancia de el muestreo .

    Preguntas clave

  • ¿Cómo pasamos de una señal de tiempo continuo a una señal de tiempo discreto (muestreo, A/D)?
  • ¿Cuándo podemos reconstruir una señal CT exacta de sus muestras (reconstrucción, D/A)?
  • ¿Manipular la señal DT es lo que reconstruir la señal?

Muestreo

Muestreo (y reconstrucción) son los mejores entendimiento en dominio de frecuencia. Empezaremos viendo algunos ejemplos:

¿Qué señal CT f t tiene la CTFT mostrada anterirormente? f t 1 2 w F w w t

La (Transformada de Fourier de Tiempo Continuo)CTFT de f t .

Pista: F w F 1 w F 2 w donde las dos partes de F w son:

f t 1 2 w F w w t

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¿Qué señal DT f s n tiene la DTFT mostrada anteriormente? f s n 1 2 w f s w w n

DTFT que es périodica (con period 2 ) versión de F w en la .

Ya que F w 0 afuera de -2 2 f t 1 2 w -2 2 F w w t También , ya que solo utilizamos un intervalo para reconstruir f s n de su DTFT, tenemos f s n 1 2 w -2 2 f s w w n Ya que F w F s w en -2 2 f s n t n f t es decir f s n es una versión muestreada de f t .

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f t es la señal de tiempo-continuo anterior y f s n es la versión muestreada de tiempo-discreto de f t

Generalización

Por supuesto, que los resultados de los ejemplos anteriores pueden ser generalizados a cualquier f t con F w 0 , w , donde f t es limitado en banda a .

F w es la CTFT de f t .
F s w es la DTFT de f s n .

F s w es períodico (con período 2 ) versión de F w . F s w es la DTFT de muestreo de señal en los enteros. F w es la CTFT de señal.

Si f t es limitado en banda para entonces la DTFT de la versión muestreada f s n f n es solo periódica (con período 2 ) versión de F w .

Cambiando una señal discreta en una señal continua

Ahora veamos como cambiar una señal DT en una señal continua en el tiempo. Sea f s n una señal DT con DTFT F s w

F s w es la DTFT de f s n .

Ahora, sea f imp t n f s n δ t n La señal CT, f imp t , es no-cero solo en los enteros donde hay implulsos de altura f s n .

¿Cúal es la CTFT de f imp t ?

f imp t n f s n δ t n

F imp w t f imp t w t t n f s n δ t n w t n f s n t δ t n w t n f s n w n F s w

Así que la CTFT de f imp t es igual a la DTFT de f s n

Usamos la propiedad de desplazamiento para mostrar t δ t n w t w n

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Ahora, dadas las muestras f s n de un limitado en banda para la señal , nuestro siguiente paso es ver como podemos reconstruir f t .

Diagrama de bloque mostrando cada paso básico usado para reconstruir f t . ¿Podemos hacer nuestro resultado igual a f t exactamente?

Questions & Answers

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Source:  OpenStax, Señales y sistemas. OpenStax CNX. Sep 28, 2006 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10373/1.2
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